如何像许多哲学论文一样标记引文？

Question

在许多哲学论文中，对需要分析的论点进行标记是一种常见的做法，如下所示：

看起来这个效果是通过定义一个类似引号的环境来实现的。是否有内置了这种环境的软件包？如果没有，有人能帮我设计一个看起来像这样的环境吗？我是 TeX 新手。在我看来，它几乎像一个 itemize 环境，但标签没有设置在左边。谢谢！

Answer 1

您可以enumitem通过定义一个enumerate名为的新环境（例如）来使用该包来实现sensitive这一点，该环境每次使用时都会恢复，如下所示：

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

然后使用

\begin{sensitive}
...
\end{sensitive}

梅威瑟：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{sensitive}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[sensitive]{resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$), labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{sensitive}
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{sensitive}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

输出：

---

编辑

否则，您可以定义一个enumerate名为 new 的环境，例如，mylist并在本地定义标签以及何时恢复它，就像在

\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]

梅威瑟：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}

\newlist{mylist}{enumerate}{1}
\setlist[mylist]{labelindent=\parindent, leftmargin=*}

\begin{document}

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance,
Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{sensitive1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Sensitive}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{sensitive2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{mylist}[label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist1} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$
    weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't
    believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of \ref{frequentist1}:
\begin{mylist}[resume, label=(\textsc{Frequentist}$_\arabic*$)]
  \item\label{frequentist2} $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
    not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$
    wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{mylist}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\end{document} 

输出：

Answer 2

您可以为此定义一个个人环境：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\makeatletter
\newlength{\lquotelabelwidth}
\newlength{\lquote@label@temp}
\AtEndDocument{%
  \write\@auxout{\string\global\string\lquotelabelwidth=\the\lquote@label@temp\relax}%
}

\newenvironment{lquote}[1]
 {%
  \settowidth\@tempdima{#1}%
  \addtolength\@tempdima{2pc}% <---------------- add here if you want more
  \ifdim\@tempdima>\lquote@label@temp
    \global\lquote@label@temp=\@tempdima
  \fi
  \list{}{%
    \leftmargin=\lquotelabelwidth
    \labelwidth=\leftmargin
  }%
  \csname phantomsection\endcsname % if hyperref is loaded
  \def\@currentlabel{#1}%
  \item[\textsc{(#1)}]%
 }
 {\endlist}

\newcommand{\lqref}[1]{\textup{\textsc{(\ref{#1})}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

Be careful that \lqref{murphy} holds.

Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. 
For instance, Nozick 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on 
knowledge:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{1}}\label{sensitive1}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ 
  weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) 
  $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
The advocate of probabilistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist 
variant of \lqref{sensitive1}:
\begin{lquote}{Sensitive\textsubscript{2}}\label{sensitive2}
  $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were
  not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether 
  (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that~$p$.
\end{lquote}
Here again, the expressivist may capture the spirit of a statement concerning the truth
\begin{lquote}{Murphy}
\label{murphy}
  If something can go wrong, it will.
\end{lquote}

\end{document} 

这会在 .aux 文件中记录最长标签的宽度，因此可以在下次运行 LaTeX 时设置标签宽度。我为括号添加了 2pc (24pt) 和一些其他空间，请将其更改为您喜欢的值。

加载hyperref绝不是强制性的；我将其添加到示例中只是为了展示代码如何使用它。

Answer 3

这是我之前做的一个稍微修改过的版本（尽管必须说，特别是对于引文来说）。如果mathau觉得奇怪，可以将名称更改为对您有意义的名称。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\mathau}[1]{%
  \def\tempa{#1s}%
  \newlist{\tempa}{enumerate}{1}%
  \setlist[\tempa]{label={(\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*})},leftmargin=*,font=\scshape,resume,ref={\MakeUppercase#1\textsubscript{\arabic*}}}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\mathau{sensitive}
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Some text showing the need to disambiguate various senses of `concept'.
\mathau{concept}
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Further discussion getting ready to return to sensitivities.
But this turns up another sense of `concept'.
\begin{concepts}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{concepts}
Now we can return to the sensitivities.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}
Commentary.
\begin{sensitives}
  \item As any dedicated reader can clearly see, the Ideal of practical reason is a representation of, as far as I know, the things in themselves; as I have shown elsewhere, the phenomena should only be used as a canon for our understanding.
\end{sensitives}

\end{document}

Answer 4

卡尔科勒给出了一个更适合水平对齐列表标签的答案（例如，“Frequentist”这个词比“Sensitive”这个词长，但它们都以相同的缩进开始）。但是，我经常使用单词标签来标记列表中的项目，并且可以更轻松地即时制作唯一标签，方法是将标签放在方括号内\item[]。但是，下面的方法会对齐项目的正文，而不是项目标签。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[osf]{mathpazo} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\setlist{labelwidth=7em, leftmargin=!}
Finally, notions of sensitivity also extend to probabilistic knowledge. For instance, {\scshape Nozick} 1981 states the following sensitivity condition on knowledge:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if $p$ weren't true and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}
The advocate of probalistic knowledge may endorse the following deflationist variant of {\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 2)] $S$ knows, via method (or way of believing) $M$, that $p$ only if: if it were not the case that $p$ and $S$ were to use $M$ to arrive at a belief whether (or not) $p$, then $S$ wouldn't believe, via $M$, that $p$.
\end{enumerate}

\end{document}

7em是通过反复试验找到的，但如果你想要准确，可以7em通过计算单词标签的长度来代替

\usepackage{calc}
%-----
\newlength\sensitive\setlength\sensitive{\widthof{\scshape (Sensitive\textsubscript 1)}}

进而

\setlist{labelwidth={\dimexpr \sensitive  +\parindent \relax}, leftmargin=!}