我该如何纠正这个对齐问题?
\begin{align}
& \big[ \boldsymbol{V^{2 (n)}} \big] &\begin{aligned} = \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}} \big]^{-1} \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{Q}^{(n)}} \big] &- \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}} \big]^{-1} \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nm)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{V^{2 (m)}} \big] \\
&- \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}} \big]^{-1} \big[ \boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nm)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (m)}} \big] - \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}} \big]^{-1} \big[ \boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nn)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (n)}} \big] \\
\end{aligned} \nonumber \\
& &\begin{aligned}\label{eqD30} = \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}} \big]^{-1} \Big( \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{Q}^{(n)}} \big] - \big[ \boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nm)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{V^{2 (m)}} \big] - \big[ \boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nm)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (m)}} \big] - \big[ \boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nn)}} \big] \big[ \boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (n)}} \big] \Big) \\
\end{aligned}
\end{align}
答案1
如果您使用alignat
环境,则可以定义两个对齐点。为了让最后一行跨越两个对齐点,请使用命令\span
。
完整示例:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{alignat}{2}
\big[\boldsymbol{V^{2 (n)}}\big] &= \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}}\big]^{-1} \big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{Q}^{(n)}}\big] &&- \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}}\big]^{-1} \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nm)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{V^{2 (m)}}\big]\nonumber\\
& &&- \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}}\big]^{-1} \big[\boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nm)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (m)}}\big] - \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}}\big]^{-1} \big[\boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nn)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (n)}}\big]
\nonumber\\
&= \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nn)}}\big]^{-1} \Big(\big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{Q}^{(n)}}\big] - \big[\boldsymbol{B^{\prime (nm)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{V^{2 (m)}}\big] - \big[\boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nm)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (m)}}\big] - \big[\boldsymbol{G^{\prime \prime (nn)}}\big] \big[\boldsymbol{\widetilde{\delta}^{\prime (n)}}\big]\Big) \span \span \label{eqD30}
\end{alignat}
\end{document}
得出的结果为:
请注意移位的方程式编号,因为整个方程式太宽,无法用默认边距容纳文本。
也可以看看这里以了解相关问题以及使用\llap
或 的可能的替代解决方案\rlap
。
答案2
嵌套aligned
。因为这只是一个方程,所以我用它split
来进行外部对齐。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry} % just for not getting an overfull box
\usepackage{amsmath,bm}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\label{eqD30}
\begin{split}
[\bm{V}^{2 (n)}]
&= \begin{aligned}[t]
[\bm{B}^{\prime (nn)}]^{-1} [\widetilde{\bm{Q}}^{(n)}]
&- [\bm{B}^{\prime (nn)}]^{-1} [\bm{B}^{\prime (nm)}] [\bm{V}^{2 (m)}] \\
&- [\bm{B}^{\prime (nn)}]^{-1} [\bm{G}^{\prime \prime (nm)}]
[\widetilde{\bm{\delta}}^{\prime (m)}]
- [\bm{B}^{\prime (nn)}]^{-1} [\bm{G}^{\prime \prime (nn)}]
[\widetilde{\bm{\delta}}^{\prime (n)}]
\end{aligned}
\\
&= [\bm{B}^{\prime (nn)}]^{-1}
\bigl(
[\widetilde{\bm{Q}}^{(n)}]
- [\bm{B}^{\prime (nm)}] [\bm{V}^{2 (m)}]
- [\bm{G}^{\prime \prime (nm)}] [\widetilde{\bm{\delta}}^{\prime (m)}]
- [\bm{G}^{\prime \prime (nn)}] [\widetilde{\bm{\delta}}^{\prime (n)}]
\bigr)
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\end{document}
我还删除了所有\big
说明(但应该是\bigl
或\bigr
),只将基础部分加粗。最好使用bm
提供 的包\bm
(\boldsymbol
变成了同义词,但\bm
更容易输入)。