用乳胶制作圆周和球体

Question

我在尝试用乳胶画下一幅图时遇到了很大麻烦，你能帮助我吗？我很绝望，这是我的学士论文……

这个想法是为了根据上一张照片制作出一张圆周分解的漂亮图片。

我需要同样的东西，但这次是球体：

感谢您的时间。

Answer 1

您可以使用极坐标arc来获取圆形扇区。

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[very thick]
  \newcommand\angStart{30}
  \draw (0,0) circle (1);
  \draw[cyan] (180+\angStart:1.1) arc (180+\angStart:-\angStart:1.1);
  \draw[black!30!green] (180-\angStart:1.2) arc (180-\angStart:360+\angStart:1.2);
  \draw[orange] (180-\angStart:1.3) arc (180-\angStart:180+\angStart:1.3);
  \draw[black!30!orange] (-\angStart:1.3) arc (-\angStart:+\angStart:1.3);
  \node[cyan,right] at (180:1){\textsf{U1}};
  \node[black!30!green,left] at (0:1){\textsf{U2}};
  \node[orange,left] at (180:1.3){\textsf{W1}};
  \node[black!30!orange,right] at (0:1.3){\textsf{W2}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[very thick, line join=round]
  \newcommand\angStart{30}
  \newcommand\zfactor{0.25}
  \draw (0,0) circle (1);
  \draw[dashed] (0:1) arc (0:180:1 and 1*\zfactor);\draw (180:1) arc (180:360:1 and 1*\zfactor);
  %%
  \draw[gray,dashed] (0:1.2) arc (0:180:1.2 and 1.2*\zfactor);
  \fill[fill=cyan,opacity=0.4] (-\angStart:1.2) arc (-\angStart:180+\angStart:1.2) 
  arc (180+3:360-3:{1.2*cos(\angStart)} and {1.2*\zfactor*cos(\angStart)}) -- cycle;
  \draw[gray] (180:1.2) arc (180:360:1.2 and 1.2*\zfactor);
  \draw[gray] (-\angStart:1.2) arc (-\angStart:180+\angStart:1.2) 
  arc (180+3:360-3:{1.2*cos(\angStart)} and {1.2*\zfactor*cos(\angStart)}) -- cycle;
  %%
  \draw[dashed] (0:1.4) arc (0:180:1.4 and 1.4*\zfactor);
  \fill[black!30!green,opacity=0.4] (180-\angStart:1.4) arc (180-\angStart:360+\angStart:1.4)
  arc (-3:-180+3:{1.4*cos(\angStart)} and {1.4*\zfactor*cos(\angStart)}) -- cycle;
  \draw (180:1.4) arc (180:360:1.4 and 1.4*\zfactor);
  \draw[] (180-\angStart:1.4) arc (180-\angStart:360+\angStart:1.4)
  arc (-3:-180+3:{1.4*cos(\angStart)} and {1.4*\zfactor*cos(\angStart)}) -- cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}