在一份长文档中，我有几个表格，分布在多个页面上。它们中的大多数都包含大量文本，因此我使用tabularx包来正确分配列宽。我按照此处其他问题（现在找不到）的建议使用ltablex包完成了此操作，并得到了以下文档。（示例）
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,twoside,table]{report}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[]{xcolor}
\definecolor{steelblue}{RGB}{70,130,180}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\begin{document}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{
>{\setlength\hsize{0.5 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.15 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.17 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.08 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.1 \hsize}\centering}X}
\caption{\small Sample caption.} \\
\label{tab:qfd}
\rowcolor{steelblue} \textcolor{white}{Quality Characteristics ( Requirements)} & \textcolor{white}{Minimize, Maximize, or Target} & \textcolor{white}{Max Relationship} & \textcolor{white}{Requirement Weight} & \textcolor{white}{Relative Weight} \tabularnewline
Possibility of Automation & maximize & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Curling & minimize & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Young's modulus & minimize & 3 & 10,26 & 0,80\% \tabularnewline
Peel-off adhesion & maximize & 9 & 47,62 & 3,72\% \tabularnewline
Presence of characteristic feature &target & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Substrate preparation time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Number of steps & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
time of application & minimize & 9 & 19,89 & 1,55\% \tabularnewline
Film preparation time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Equipment Cost & minimize & 3 & 4,50 & 0,35\% \tabularnewline
Consumables cost per hour & minimize & 9 & 13,51 & 1,05\% \tabularnewline
Material cost per area & minimize & 9 & 13,89 & 1,08\% \tabularnewline
Wetting & minimize & 9 & 28,44 & 2,22\% \tabularnewline
Maximum Heat Absorption & minimize & 9 & 14,14 & 1,10\% \tabularnewline
Stain resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,28 & 2,67\% \tabularnewline
Surface texture &target & 9 & 85,20 & 6,65\% \tabularnewline
Area of residue left & minimize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Self-healing properties &target & 9 & 22,27 & 1,74\% \tabularnewline
Ability of repair with DIY paint repair kits (decorative only) &target & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Polishing quality & maximize & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,15 & 2,66\% \tabularnewline
Edge Roughness & minimize & 9 & 38,78 & 3,03\% \tabularnewline
Presence of adhesive &target & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Cling adhesion &target & 3 & 7,51 & 0,59\% \tabularnewline
Opacity & maximize & 9 & 15,80 & 1,23\% \tabularnewline
Colour deviation & minimize & 9 & 76,19 & 5,94\% \tabularnewline
Thickness & minimize & 9 & 29,98 & 2,34\% \tabularnewline
Edge visibility & minimize & 9 & 22,77 & 1,78\% \tabularnewline
Gloss &target & 9 & 55,80 & 4,35\% \tabularnewline
Transmittance of protective film & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Presence of bubbles &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Features supporting bubble-free application &target & 3 & 6,01 & 0,47\% \tabularnewline
Orange peel look &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Variation in surface roughness & minimize & 9 & 11,63 & 0,91\% \tabularnewline
Rubbing wear resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Reactivity with chemical substances &target & 9 & 39,41 & 3,07\% \tabularnewline
Abrasion Resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Nano-scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Elongation &target & 9 & 23,52 & 1,83\% \tabularnewline
Stone chipping resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Impact toughness & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Shear adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Edge adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Pressure adhesion & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Surface Energy & maximize & 9 & 18,39 & 1,43\% \tabularnewline
Possibility to apply custom colour &target & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Printability &target & 3 & 4,88 & 0,38\% \tabularnewline
Possible to store in production area &target & 9 & 12,39 & 0,97\% \tabularnewline
Colour changing properties &target & 9 & 9,76 & 0,76\% \tabularnewline
Thermal conductivity &target & 9 & 14,39 & 1,12\% \tabularnewline
Thermal expansion coefficient &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Minimum operating temperature &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Maximum operating temperature &target & 9 & 20,52 & 1,60\% \tabularnewline
Hardness & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Change in toughness per time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Gloss loss over time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Corrosion resistance & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Water absorption & maximize & 9 & 29,23 & 2,28\% \tabularnewline
Air tightness & maximize & 3 & 5,75 & 0,45\% \tabularnewline
Solubility in water &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Shrinkage & minimize & 9 & 17,26 & 1,35\% \tabularnewline
Yellowing & minimize & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Presence of toxic substances &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Toxicity after disposal &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Flammability &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Percentage content of recyclable materials & maximize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Presence of standard Toxic substances &target & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Friction drag coefficient & minimize & 9 & 9,38 & 0,73\% \tabularnewline
Mass per area & minimize & 9 & 13,14 & 1,02\% \tabularnewline
Usage of special or specific tools &target & 3 & 3,50 & 0,27\% \tabularnewline \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
现在，直到最近我主要都在使用 ShareLaTeX，它能够编译文档并向我显示结果。
但是现在我换用 TeXstudio 了，在 TeXstudio 上编译表格时，日志里出现了下面的错误，回到 ShareLaTeX 后发现也出现了同样的错误，但是可以显示结果，而且结果还算令人满意。
! LaTeX Error: Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.101 \end{tabularx}
Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
! Misplaced \noalign.
\rowcolor ->\noalign
{\ifnum 0=`}\fi \global \let \CT@do@color \CT@@do@color...
l.101 \end{tabularx}
I expect to see \noalign only after the \cr of
an alignment. Proceed, and I'll ignore this case.
! LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.101 \end{tabularx}
Your command was ignored.
Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command,
or <return> to continue without it.
! LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.101 \end{tabularx}
Your command was ignored.
Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command,
or <return> to continue without it.
这些错误重复多次；我只复制了部分日志，没有重复。我至少有另外四个这样的表，每个表都出现了相同类型的错误。
我对 TeX 还很陌生，只将它用于大学文档，因此可能存在一些明显的错误，但我无法发现任何特别的问题。
提前致谢！
答案1
问题就像当您\caption在一个非浮动环境（tabularx）中有一个时，尽管ltablex定义tabularx为longtable定义\caption。
利用\captionof{table}{...}外部tabularx来获得你想要的东西。
MWE（我没有调整列，留给你作为练习）
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,twoside,table]{report}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[]{xcolor}
\definecolor{steelblue}{RGB}{70,130,180}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\begin{document}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}
\captionof{table}{\small Sample caption.}\label{tab:qfd}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{
>{\setlength\hsize{0.5 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.15 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.17 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.08 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.1 \hsize}\centering}X}
\rowcolor{steelblue} \textcolor{white}{Quality Characteristics (Requirements)} & \textcolor{white}{Minimize, Maximize, or Target} & \textcolor{white}{Max Relationship} & \textcolor{white}{Requirement Weight} & \textcolor{white}{Relative Weight} \tabularnewline
Possibility of Automation & maximize & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Curling & minimize & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Young's modulus & minimize & 3 & 10,26 & 0,80\% \tabularnewline
Peel-off adhesion & maximize & 9 & 47,62 & 3,72\% \tabularnewline
Presence of characteristic feature &target & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Substrate preparation time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Number of steps & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
time of application & minimize & 9 & 19,89 & 1,55\% \tabularnewline
Film preparation time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Equipment Cost & minimize & 3 & 4,50 & 0,35\% \tabularnewline
Consumables cost per hour & minimize & 9 & 13,51 & 1,05\% \tabularnewline
Material cost per area & minimize & 9 & 13,89 & 1,08\% \tabularnewline
Wetting & minimize & 9 & 28,44 & 2,22\% \tabularnewline
Maximum Heat Absorption & minimize & 9 & 14,14 & 1,10\% \tabularnewline
Stain resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,28 & 2,67\% \tabularnewline
Surface texture &target & 9 & 85,20 & 6,65\% \tabularnewline
Area of residue left & minimize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Self-healing properties &target & 9 & 22,27 & 1,74\% \tabularnewline
Ability of repair with DIY paint repair kits (decorative only) &target & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Polishing quality & maximize & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,15 & 2,66\% \tabularnewline
Edge Roughness & minimize & 9 & 38,78 & 3,03\% \tabularnewline
Presence of adhesive &target & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Cling adhesion &target & 3 & 7,51 & 0,59\% \tabularnewline
Opacity & maximize & 9 & 15,80 & 1,23\% \tabularnewline
Colour deviation & minimize & 9 & 76,19 & 5,94\% \tabularnewline
Thickness & minimize & 9 & 29,98 & 2,34\% \tabularnewline
Edge visibility & minimize & 9 & 22,77 & 1,78\% \tabularnewline
Gloss &target & 9 & 55,80 & 4,35\% \tabularnewline
Transmittance of protective film & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Presence of bubbles &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Features supporting bubble-free application &target & 3 & 6,01 & 0,47\% \tabularnewline
Orange peel look &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Variation in surface roughness & minimize & 9 & 11,63 & 0,91\% \tabularnewline
Rubbing wear resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Reactivity with chemical substances &target & 9 & 39,41 & 3,07\% \tabularnewline
Abrasion Resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Nano-scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Elongation &target & 9 & 23,52 & 1,83\% \tabularnewline
Stone chipping resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Impact toughness & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Shear adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Edge adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Pressure adhesion & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Surface Energy & maximize & 9 & 18,39 & 1,43\% \tabularnewline
Possibility to apply custom colour &target & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Printability &target & 3 & 4,88 & 0,38\% \tabularnewline
Possible to store in production area &target & 9 & 12,39 & 0,97\% \tabularnewline
Colour changing properties &target & 9 & 9,76 & 0,76\% \tabularnewline
Thermal conductivity &target & 9 & 14,39 & 1,12\% \tabularnewline
Thermal expansion coefficient &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Minimum operating temperature &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Maximum operating temperature &target & 9 & 20,52 & 1,60\% \tabularnewline
Hardness & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Change in toughness per time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Gloss loss over time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Corrosion resistance & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Water absorption & maximize & 9 & 29,23 & 2,28\% \tabularnewline
Air tightness & maximize & 3 & 5,75 & 0,45\% \tabularnewline
Solubility in water &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Shrinkage & minimize & 9 & 17,26 & 1,35\% \tabularnewline
Yellowing & minimize & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Presence of toxic substances &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Toxicity after disposal &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Flammability &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Percentage content of recyclable materials & maximize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Presence of standard Toxic substances &target & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Friction drag coefficient & minimize & 9 & 9,38 & 0,73\% \tabularnewline
Mass per area & minimize & 9 & 13,14 & 1,02\% \tabularnewline
Usage of special or specific tools &target & 3 & 3,50 & 0,27\% \tabularnewline \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
答案2
我认为主要错误在于设置列的相对长度的方式X。系数的总和不能等于 1，而必须等于列数（在您的版本中为 5）。
我使用S来自的列类型改进了您的表格siunitx，使其在小数点上对齐，并使用\thead来自的命令makecell对列标题和这些标题内的换行符进行通用格式设置。
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper,twoside,table, svgnames, x11names]{report}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{helvet}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{siunitx, makecell, booktabs}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\color{white}}%
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{steelblue}{RGB}{70,130,180}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{ >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\begin{document}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.25}\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{
>{\hsize=1.55\hsize}X
>{\hsize=0.45\hsize}X
cS[table-format=2.2, table-column-width =2cm]S[table-format=1.2]}
\caption{\small Sample caption.}
\label{tab:qfd} \\
\rowcolor{steelblue} \thead{Quality Characteristics \\(Requirements)} & \thead{Minimize, \\Maximize,\\ or Target} & {\thead{Max \\Relationship}} &{\thead{Requirement\\ Weight}} &{\thead{Relative\\ Weight (\%)}}\\\addlinespace
\endfirsthead
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{steelblue} \thead{Quality Characteristics \\(Requirements)} & \thead{Minimize, \\Maximize,\\ or Target} & {\thead{Max \\Relationship}} &{\thead{Requirement\\ Weight}} &{\thead{Relative\\ Weight (\%)}} \\\addlinespace
\endhead
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{5}{r}{\scriptsize to be continued}
\endfoot
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Possibility of Automation & maximize & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14 \\
Curling & minimize & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12 \\
Young's modulus & minimize & 3 & 10,26 & 0,80 \\
Peel-off adhesion & maximize & 9 & 47,62 & 3,72 \\
Presence of characteristic feature & target & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12 \\
Substrate preparation time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Number of steps & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40 \\
time of application & minimize & 9 & 19,89 & 1,55 \\
Film preparation time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40 \\
Equipment Cost & minimize & 3 & 4,50 & 0,35 \\
Consumables cost per hour & minimize & 9 & 13,51 & 1,05 \\
Material cost per area & minimize & 9 & 13,89 & 1,08 \\
Wetting & minimize & 9 & 28,44 & 2,22 \\
Maximum Heat Absorption & minimize & 9 & 14,14 & 1,10 \\
Stain resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,28 & 2,67 \\
Surface texture & target & 9 & 85,20 & 6,65 \\
Area of residue left & minimize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29 \\
Self-healing properties & target & 9 & 22,27 & 1,74 \\
Ability of repair with\break DIY paint repair kits\break (decorative only) & target & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39 \\
Polishing quality & maximize & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39 \\
Scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,15 & 2,66 \\
Edge Roughness & minimize & 9 & 38,78 & 3,03 \\
Presence of adhesive & target & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29 \\
Cling adhesion & target & 3 & 7,51 & 0,59 \\
Opacity & maximize & 9 & 15,80 & 1,23 \\
Colour deviation & minimize & 9 & 76,19 & 5,94 \\
Thickness & minimize & 9 & 29,98 & 2,34 \\
Edge visibility & minimize & 9 & 22,77 & 1,78 \\
Gloss & target & 9 & 55,80 & 4,35 \\
Transmittance of\break protective film & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Presence of bubbles & target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41 \\
Features supporting\break bubble-free application & target & 3 & 6,01 & 0,47 \\
Orange peel look & target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41 \\
Variation in surface roughness & minimize & 9 & 11,63 & 0,91 \\
Rubbing wear resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Reactivity with \break chemical substances & target & 9 & 39,41 & 3,07 \\
Abrasion Resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Nano-scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Elongation & target & 9 & 23,52 & 1,83 \\
Stone chipping resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Impact toughness & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Shear adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Edge adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Pressure adhesion & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40 \\
Surface Energy & maximize & 9 & 18,39 & 1,43 \\
Possibility to apply custom colour & target & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14 \\
Printability & target & 3 & 4,88 & 0,38 \\
Possible to store\break in production area & target & 9 & 12,39 & 0,97 \\
Colour changing properties & target & 9 & 9,76 & 0,76 \\
Thermal conductivity & target & 9 & 14,39 & 1,12 \\
Thermal expansion coefficient & target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Minimum operating temperature & target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Maximum operating temperature & target & 9 & 20,52 & 1,60 \\
Hardness & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40 \\
Change in toughness per time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40 \\
Gloss loss over time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Corrosion resistance & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Water absorption & maximize & 9 & 29,23 & 2,28 \\
Air tightness & maximize & 3 & 5,75 & 0,45 \\
Solubility in water & target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20 \\
Shrinkage & minimize & 9 & 17,26 & 1,35 \\
Yellowing & minimize & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41 \\
Presence of toxic substances & target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46 \\
Toxicity after disposal & target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46 \\
Flammability & target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46 \\
Percentage content of \break recyclable materials & maximize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29 \\
Presence of standard \break Toxic substances & target & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32 \\
Friction drag coefficient & minimize & 9 & 9,38 & 0,73 \\
Mass per area & minimize & 9 & 13,14 & 1,02 \\
Usage of special \break or specific tools & target & 3 & 3,50 & 0,27
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
答案3
我想我可能已经找到了错误的原因，但我还不是100%确定。
考虑 MWE（OP 有问题的代码的缩短版本）：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{
>{\setlength\hsize{0.5 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.15 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.17 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.08 \hsize}\centering}X
>{\setlength\hsize{0.1 \hsize}\centering}X}
% \caption{\small Sample caption.\label{tab:qfd}} \tabularnewline
A & B & C & D & E \tabularnewline
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \tabularnewline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
1) 当注释掉 时，它可以很好地编译，但是当保留时\caption，会出现有关 的错误，类似于 OP 报告的。...missing \item\caption
2）保留\caption注释掉的，并将其中一个更改为\tabularnewline，\\我们仍然会得到错误。
\\这让我想到它可能与vs有关。现在，典型的解决方案是从基本上具有以下定义的包中\tabularnewline包含：\arraybackslasharray
\def\arraybackslash{\let\\\tabularnewline}
如果我们包括\arraybackslash（并进行轻微修改，\newcolumntype使内容更加紧凑）：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\newcolumntype{Y}[1]{>{\setlength\hsize{#1\hsize}\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{Y{0.5}Y{0.15}Y{0.17}Y{0.08}Y{0.1}}
\caption{\small Sample caption.\label{tab:qfd}} \tabularnewline
A & B & C & D & E \tabularnewline
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \tabularnewline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
现在它可以与环境中包含的标题一起使用tabularx，没有任何错误。
现在我不确定为什么确实如此，所以如果有更完整的答案，我会删除我的答案。现在，我将为@Slovakov 提供快速解决方案：
具体解决方法：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\definecolor{steelblue}{RGB}{70,130,180}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[labelfont=bf,textfont=normal,justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false]{caption}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\newcolumntype{Y}[1]{>{\setlength\hsize{#1\hsize}\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{Y{0.5}Y{0.15}Y{0.17}Y{0.08}Y{0.1}}
\caption{\small Sample caption.\label{tab:qfd}} \tabularnewline
\rowcolor{steelblue} \textcolor{white}{Quality Characteristics ( Requirements)} & \textcolor{white}{Minimize, Maximize, or Target} & \textcolor{white}{Max Relationship} & \textcolor{white}{Requirement Weight} & \textcolor{white}{Relative Weight} \tabularnewline
Possibility of Automation & maximize & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Curling & minimize & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Young's modulus & minimize & 3 & 10,26 & 0,80\% \tabularnewline
Peel-off adhesion & maximize & 9 & 47,62 & 3,72\% \tabularnewline
Presence of characteristic feature &target & 1 & 1,50 & 0,12\% \tabularnewline
Substrate preparation time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Number of steps & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
time of application & minimize & 9 & 19,89 & 1,55\% \tabularnewline
Film preparation time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Equipment Cost & minimize & 3 & 4,50 & 0,35\% \tabularnewline
Consumables cost per hour & minimize & 9 & 13,51 & 1,05\% \tabularnewline
Material cost per area & minimize & 9 & 13,89 & 1,08\% \tabularnewline
Wetting & minimize & 9 & 28,44 & 2,22\% \tabularnewline
Maximum Heat Absorption & minimize & 9 & 14,14 & 1,10\% \tabularnewline
Stain resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,28 & 2,67\% \tabularnewline
Surface texture &target & 9 & 85,20 & 6,65\% \tabularnewline
Area of residue left & minimize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Self-healing properties &target & 9 & 22,27 & 1,74\% \tabularnewline
Ability of repair with DIY paint repair kits (decorative only) &target & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Polishing quality & maximize & 3 & 5,00 & 0,39\% \tabularnewline
Scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 34,15 & 2,66\% \tabularnewline
Edge Roughness & minimize & 9 & 38,78 & 3,03\% \tabularnewline
Presence of adhesive &target & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Cling adhesion &target & 3 & 7,51 & 0,59\% \tabularnewline
Opacity & maximize & 9 & 15,80 & 1,23\% \tabularnewline
Colour deviation & minimize & 9 & 76,19 & 5,94\% \tabularnewline
Thickness & minimize & 9 & 29,98 & 2,34\% \tabularnewline
Edge visibility & minimize & 9 & 22,77 & 1,78\% \tabularnewline
Gloss &target & 9 & 55,80 & 4,35\% \tabularnewline
Transmittance of protective film & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Presence of bubbles &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Features supporting bubble-free application &target & 3 & 6,01 & 0,47\% \tabularnewline
Orange peel look &target & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Variation in surface roughness & minimize & 9 & 11,63 & 0,91\% \tabularnewline
Rubbing wear resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Reactivity with chemical substances &target & 9 & 39,41 & 3,07\% \tabularnewline
Abrasion Resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Nano-scratch resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Elongation &target & 9 & 23,52 & 1,83\% \tabularnewline
Stone chipping resistance & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Impact toughness & maximize & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Shear adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Edge adhesion & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Pressure adhesion & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Surface Energy & maximize & 9 & 18,39 & 1,43\% \tabularnewline
Possibility to apply custom colour &target & 9 & 14,64 & 1,14\% \tabularnewline
Printability &target & 3 & 4,88 & 0,38\% \tabularnewline
Possible to store in production area &target & 9 & 12,39 & 0,97\% \tabularnewline
Colour changing properties &target & 9 & 9,76 & 0,76\% \tabularnewline
Thermal conductivity &target & 9 & 14,39 & 1,12\% \tabularnewline
Thermal expansion coefficient &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Minimum operating temperature &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Maximum operating temperature &target & 9 & 20,52 & 1,60\% \tabularnewline
Hardness & maximize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Change in toughness per time & minimize & 3 & 5,13 & 0,40\% \tabularnewline
Gloss loss over time & minimize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Corrosion resistance & maximize & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Water absorption & maximize & 9 & 29,23 & 2,28\% \tabularnewline
Air tightness & maximize & 3 & 5,75 & 0,45\% \tabularnewline
Solubility in water &target & 9 & 15,39 & 1,20\% \tabularnewline
Shrinkage & minimize & 9 & 17,26 & 1,35\% \tabularnewline
Yellowing & minimize & 9 & 18,02 & 1,41\% \tabularnewline
Presence of toxic substances &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Toxicity after disposal &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Flammability &target & 9 & 18,77 & 1,46\% \tabularnewline
Percentage content of recyclable materials & maximize & 9 & 16,51 & 1,29\% \tabularnewline
Presence of standard Toxic substances &target & 9 & 16,89 & 1,32\% \tabularnewline
Friction drag coefficient & minimize & 9 & 9,38 & 0,73\% \tabularnewline
Mass per area & minimize & 9 & 13,14 & 1,02\% \tabularnewline
Usage of special or specific tools &target & 3 & 3,50 & 0,27\% \tabularnewline \hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
