我一直在努力使用 \multirow 和 \multicol 来尝试适应第一列的标题“组织过程的特征”。目前，我所做的最好的事情（案例 A）是减小字体大小（其余的是脚注大小）：
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{report}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{multirow}
% Subscripts - defining new command
\newcommand{\textunderscript}[1]{$_{\textup{#1}}$}
\begin{document}
....
%Case A
\begin{longtable}{|p{3cm}||p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|}
\hline \hline
\multirow{2}{3cm}{\tiny{Characteristics of organisational processes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
& \textsl{d\textunderscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textunderscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textunderscript{3}}: Low \\ \hline \hline \hline
...
\end{longtable}
% Case B
\begin{longtable}{|p{3cm}||p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|}
\hline \hline
\multirow{2}{3cm}{Characteristics of organisational processes} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
& \textsl{d\textunderscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textunderscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textunderscript{3}}: Low \\ \hline \hline \hline
...
\end{longtable}
...
\end{document}
不过，我希望能够与表格的其余部分具有相同的尺寸（情况 B）：
尽管如此，我还是无法在此单元格中使用“p”类型，也无法通过合并和添加行来扩展它，以便它能够适应。关于如何实现这一点，您有什么想法吗？
非常感谢！
答案1
我希望额外的空间能够在前两行之间均匀分配。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{report}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{longtable}
% Subscripts - defining new command
\newcommand{\textunderscript}[1]{$_{\textup{#1}}$}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{|p{3cm}||p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|}
\hline \hline
\def\arraystrecth{1.5}
\multirow{2}{3cm}[\normalbaselineskip]{Characteristics of organisational processes} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
\strut & \textsl{d\textunderscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textunderscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textunderscript{3}}: Low \\ \hline \hline \hline
\def\arraystrecth{1}
\end{longtable}
\end{document}
此解决方案使用自定义支柱使前两行更高。注意：您不能将支柱放在 \multicolumn 前面，只能放在里面。请注意 \multirow 的（有些模糊的）修复。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{report}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{longtable}
% Subscripts - defining new command
\newcommand{\textunderscript}[1]{$_{\textup{#1}}$}
\def\mystrut{\rule[-1.5\dp\strutbox]{0pt}{1.5\normalbaselineskip}}%
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{|p{3cm}||p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|p{3.4cm}|}
\hline \hline
\multirow{2}{3cm}[\dp\strutbox]{Characteristics of organisational processes} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\mystrut Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
\mystrut & \textsl{d\textunderscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textunderscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textunderscript{3}}: Low \\ \hline \hline \hline
\end{longtable}
\end{document}
答案2
我建议使用\makecell来控制第一个单元格的换行符。此外，该包还允许定义在单元格顶部和底部添加的垂直间距。
此外，由于您的表格几乎是文本范围的，我用 替换longtable，tabularx并加载ltablex，将 longtable 的功能扩展为 tabularx（继承了 longtable 语法）。
最后一点，双重规则hhline将会更加整齐地相交。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{ragged2e, setspace}
\usepackage{multirow, hhline, longtable, makecell}
\setcellgapes{3pt}
\usepackage{ltablex}
\keepXColumns
\begin{document}
\makegapedcells\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|>{\RaggedRight}X||*{3}{>{\RaggedRight}p{3.5cm}|}}
\caption{Summary of main characteristics of categories according to different degrees of \textit{organicity} identified in the organisational processes of the Drupal community}
\label{tab:layers-summary}\\
\hhline{=:t:=:=:=}
\multirow{2}{=}{\makecell[lc]{Characteristics\\[-0.5ex] of organisational\\[-0.5ex] processes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
& \textsl{d\textsubscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textsubscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textsubscript{3}}: Low \\
\hhline{:=::=:=:=:}
\endfirsthead
\hhline{=:t:=:=:=}
\multirow{2}{=}{\makecell[lc]{Characteristics\\[-0.5ex] of organisational\\[-0.5ex] processes}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\ \cline{2-4}
& \textsl{d\textsubscript{1}}: High & \textsl{d\textsubscript{2}}: Intermediate & \textsl{d\textsubscript{3}}: Low \\
\hhline{:=::=:=:=:}
\endhead
Amount of explicit & Based on implicit & Intermediate amount & Large amount of explicit \\
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
答案3
稍微修改一下就好了伯纳德回答：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{ragged2e, setspace}
\usepackage{booktabs, hhline, makecell, multirow, ltablex, longtable}
\setcellgapes{4pt}
\keepXColumns
\begin{document}
\makegapedcells
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|>{\RaggedRight}X||
*{3}{>{\RaggedRight}p{3.5cm}|}}
\caption[Summary of main characteristics of categories according to \textit{organicity}]
{Summary of main characteristics of categories according to different degrees of \textit{organicity} identified in the organisational processes of the Drupal community}
\label{tab:layers-summary}\\
\hhline{=:t:=:=:=}
\multirow{2}{=}{\linespread{0.8}\selectfont % changed
Characteristics of organisational processes}
& \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\
\cline{2-4}
& $d_1$: High
& $d_2$: Intermediate
& $d_3$: Low \\
\hhline{:=::=:=:=:}
\endfirsthead
%%%%
\caption{Summary of main characteristics of categories according to \textit{organicity}
(cont.)}% added
\label{tab:layers-summary} \\
\hhline{=:t:=:=:=}
\multirow{2}{=}{\linespread{0.8}\selectfont
Characteristics of organisational processes}
& \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\
\cline{2-4}
& $d_1$: High
& $d_2$: Intermediate
& $d_3$: Low \\
\multirow{2}{=}{\linespread{0.8}\selectfont % changed
Characteristics of organisational processes}
& \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Degree of \textit{organicity}} \\
\cline{2-4}
& $d_1$: High % changed
& $d_2$: Intermediate
& $d_3$: Low \\
\hhline{:=::=:=:=:}
\endhead
%%%%
\hhline{-:t:-:-:-}
\multicolumn{4}{r}{\footnotesize\itshape
continue on the next page}
\endfoot
\hhline{:=::=:=:=:}
\endlastfoot
%%%%
Amount of explicit
& Based on implicit
& Intermediate amount
& Large amount of explicit \\
... &...&...& ...
\end{tabularx}
