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我怎样才能在 LaTeX 中绘制此图表？

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我怎样才能在 LaTeX 中绘制此图表？

该图形改编自 Hansen、McDonald 和 Newey (2010)，我只是想在 LaTeX 中重现类似的东西。

答案1

以下使用 TikZ 中的节点矩阵：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \matrix (m) [
    matrix of nodes,
    nodes={draw},
    column sep=10mm,
    row sep=10mm,
  ] {
    |[draw=none]| 5 parameters &          &         & SGT \\
    |[draw=none]| 4 parameters &          & SGED    & GT      & ST \\
    |[draw=none]| 3 parameters & SLaplace & GED     & SNormal & t & SCauchy \\
    |[draw=none]| 2 parameters & Laplace  & Uniform & Normal  &   & Cauchy \\
  };
  \begin{scope}[
    font=\footnotesize,
    inner sep=.25em,
    every node/.style={fill=white},
  ]
    \path
      (m-1-4) -- node[pos=.9] (tmp) {$p\rightarrow\infty$} (m-4-3)
    ;
    \draw[densely dashed]
      (m-1-4) -- (tmp) -- (m-4-3)
    ;
    \draw
      (m-1-4) -- node           {$q\rightarrow\infty$} (m-2-3)
      (m-1-4) -- node[pos=.7, inner sep=.2em] {$\lambda=0$} (m-2-4)
      (m-1-4) -- node           {$p=2$}                (m-2-5)
      (m-2-3) -- node           {$p=1$}                (m-3-2)
      (m-2-3) -- node           {$\lambda=0$}          (m-3-3)
      (m-2-3) -- node           {$p=1$}                (m-3-2)
      (m-2-4) -- node[pos=.225] {$q\rightarrow\infty$} (m-3-3)
      (m-2-4) -- node[pos=.225] {$p=2$}                (m-3-5)
      (m-2-5) -- node[pos=.775] {$q\rightarrow\infty$} (m-3-4)
      (m-2-5) -- node[pos=.55]  {$\lambda=0$}          (m-3-5)
      (m-2-5) -- node[pos=.55]  {$q=1/2$}              (m-3-6)
      (m-3-2) -- node           {$\lambda=0$}          (m-4-2)
      (m-3-3) -- node           {$p=1$}                (m-4-2)
      (m-3-3) -- node[pos=.6]   {$p=2$}                (m-4-4)
      (m-3-4) -- node           {$\lambda=0$}          (m-4-4)
      (m-3-5) -- node           {$q\rightarrow\infty$} (m-4-4)
      (m-3-5) -- node           {$q=1/2$}              (m-4-6)
      (m-3-6) -- node           {$\lambda=0$}          (m-4-6)
    ;
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果

当然，不用白色背景也是可以的：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \matrix (m) [
    matrix of nodes,
    nodes={draw},
    column sep=10mm,
    row sep=10mm,
  ] {
    |[draw=none]| 5 parameters &          &         & SGT \\
    |[draw=none]| 4 parameters &          & SGED    & GT      & ST \\
    |[draw=none]| 3 parameters & SLaplace & GED     & SNormal & t & SCauchy \\
    |[draw=none]| 2 parameters & Laplace  & Uniform & Normal  &   & Cauchy \\
  };
  \begin{scope}[
    font=\footnotesize,
    inner sep=.25em,
    line cap=round,
  ]
    \newcommand*{\LINE}[4][.5]{%
      \path (m-#2) -- node[pos=#1] (tmp) {$#4$} (m-#3);
      \draw (m-#2) -- (tmp) -- (m-#3);
    }
      \LINE      {1-4}{2-3}{q\rightarrow\infty}
      \LINE[.7]  {1-4}{2-4}{\lambda=0}
      \LINE{1-4} {2-5}{p=2}
      \LINE      {2-3}{3-2}{p=1}
      \LINE      {2-3}{3-3}{\lambda=0}
      \LINE      {2-3}{3-2}{p=1}
      \LINE[.225]{2-4}{3-3}{q\rightarrow\infty}
      \path
        (tmp.south west) coordinate (gt1ll)
        (tmp.north east) coordinate (gt1ur)
      ;
      \LINE[.225]{2-4}{3-5}{p=2}
      \LINE[.775]{2-5}{3-4}{q\rightarrow\infty}
      \LINE[.55] {2-5}{3-5}{\lambda=0}
      \LINE[.55] {2-5}{3-6}{q=1/2}
      \LINE      {3-2}{4-2}{\lambda=0}
      \LINE      {3-3}{4-2}{p=1}
      \LINE[.6]  {3-3}{4-4}{p=2}
      \LINE      {3-4}{4-4}{\lambda=0}
      \LINE      {3-5}{4-4}{q\rightarrow\infty}
      \LINE      {3-5}{4-6}{q=1/2}
      \LINE      {3-6}{4-6}{\lambda=0}
    ;
    \begin{scope}
      \clip
        (m-1-1) rectangle (m-4-6)
        (gt1ll) rectangle (gt1ur)
      ;
      \path
        (m-1-4) -- node[pos=.9] (tmp) {$p\rightarrow\infty$} (m-4-3)
      ;
      \draw[densely dashed]
        (m-1-4) -- (tmp) -- (m-4-3)
      ;
    \end{scope}
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果

以下变体更改了虚线以避免与其他标签交叉。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \matrix (m) [
    matrix of nodes,
    nodes={draw},
    column sep=10mm,
    row sep=10mm,
  ] {
    |[draw=none]| 5 parameters &          &         & SGT \\
    |[draw=none]| 4 parameters &          & SGED    & GT      & ST \\
    |[draw=none]| 3 parameters & SLaplace & GED     & SNormal & t & SCauchy \\
    |[draw=none]| 2 parameters & Laplace  & Uniform & Normal  &   & Cauchy \\
  };
  \begin{scope}[
    font=\footnotesize,
    inner sep=.25em,
    line cap=round,
  ]
    \newcommand*{\LINE}[4][.5]{%
      \path (m-#2) -- node[pos=#1] (tmp) {$#4$} (m-#3);
      \draw (m-#2) -- (tmp) -- (m-#3);
    }
    \LINE[.55] {1-4}{2-3}{q\rightarrow\infty}
    \LINE      {1-4}{2-4}{\lambda=0}
    \LINE      {1-4}{2-5}{p=2}
    \LINE      {2-3}{3-2}{p=1}
    \LINE      {2-3}{3-3}{\lambda=0}
    \LINE      {2-3}{3-2}{p=1}
    \LINE[.225]{2-4}{3-3}{q\rightarrow\infty}
    \path
      (tmp.south west) coordinate (gt1ll)
      (tmp.north east) coordinate (gt1ur)
    ;
    \LINE[.225]{2-4}{3-5}{p=2}
    \LINE[.775]{2-5}{3-4}{q\rightarrow\infty}
    \LINE[.55] {2-5}{3-5}{\lambda=0}
    \LINE[.55] {2-5}{3-6}{q=1/2}
    \LINE      {3-2}{4-2}{\lambda=0}
    \LINE      {3-3}{4-2}{p=1}
    \LINE[.6]  {3-3}{4-4}{p=2}
    \LINE      {3-4}{4-4}{\lambda=0}
    \LINE      {3-5}{4-4}{q\rightarrow\infty}
    \LINE      {3-5}{4-6}{q=1/2}
    \LINE      {3-6}{4-6}{\lambda=0}
    \path
      (m-2-3.center) -- coordinate[pos=.45] (tmp1) (m-2-4.center)
      (m-3-3.center) -- coordinate[pos=.45] (tmp2) (m-3-4.center)
      (tmp2) -- node[pos=.7] (tmp3) {$p\rightarrow\infty$} (m-4-3)
    ;
    \draw[densely dashed]
      (m-1-4) -- (tmp1) -- (tmp2) -- (tmp3) (tmp3) -- (m-4-3)
    ;
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果

答案2

以下是我的做法：

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage{xfrac}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{
    justtext/.style = {
        rectangle,
        fill = none,
        draw = none,
        inner sep = 0pt,
        line width = 0pt,
        minimum width = 0pt,
        minimum height = 0pt
    },
    lbl/.style = {
        justtext,
        midway,
        font = \small,
        fill = white,
        inner sep = 0.5ex
    }
}

% [#1]  Options for label.
%  #2   Node 1.
%  #3   Node 2.
%  #4   Label text; will be put in math mode.
\newcommand{\link}[4][]{%
    \draw (#2) -- node[lbl, #1] {$#4$} (#3);%
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[
            x = 2.75cm,
            y = 2cm,
            every node/.style = {
                draw,
                thick,
                minimum width = 5em,
                minimum height = 4ex,
            }
        ]
    \foreach \i in {2, ..., 5}
        \node[justtext] at (0, \i - 2) {\i~parameters};

    \node (la) at (1, 0) {Laplace};
    \node (un) at (2, 0) {Uniform};
    \node (no) at (3, 0) {Normal};
    \node (ca) at (5, 0) {Cauchy};

    \node (sl) at (1, 1) {SLaplace};
    \node (ge) at (2, 1) {GED};
    \node (sn) at (3, 1) {SNormal};
    \node (t)  at (4, 1) {t};
    \node (sc) at (5, 1) {SCauchy};

    \node (sg) at (2, 2) {SGED};
    \node (gt) at (3, 2) {GT};
    \node (st) at (4, 2) {ST};

    \node (sgt) at (3, 3) {SGT};

    \link{la}{sl}{\lambda = 0}
    \link{la}{ge}{p = 1}
    \link{no}{ge}{p = 2}
    \link{no}{sn}{\lambda = 0}
    \link{no}{t}{q \to \infty}
    \link{ca}{t}{q = \sfrac{1}{2}}
    \link{ca}{sc}{\lambda = 0}

    \link{sl}{sg}{p = 1}
    \link{ge}{sg}{\lambda = 0}
    \link[pos = 0.2]{ge}{gt}{q \to \infty}
    \link[pos = 0.2]{sn}{sg}{p = 2}
    \link[pos = 0.2]{sn}{st}{q \to \infty}
    \link{t}{st}{\lambda = 0}
    \link[pos = 0.2]{t}{gt}{p = 2}
    \link{sc}{st}{q = \sfrac{1}{2}}

    \link{sg}{sgt}{q \to \infty}
    \link{gt}{sgt}{\lambda = 0}
    \link{st}{sgt}{p = 2}

    \begin{scope}[draw = gray, dashed]
        \link[pos = 0.1]{un.east}{sgt.west}{p \to \infty}
    \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

tikz请注意，在普通文档类中，当然必须添加包。xfrac仅用于\sfrac1/2 内容的命令；可能有点过头，但看起来更漂亮。

我创建了两种节点样式：一种用于没有绘制任何内容的文本块，一种用于边缘上的标签。我使用 来\foreach编写左侧的内容，因为这样更有趣；它为您提供了一个 foreach 的示例，并且由于样式和文本等仅编写一次，因此它使代码更容易修改。我还修改了默认节点样式，但仅适用于此特定tikzpicture环境。此外，x和y允许您调整比例和内容。

对于边，我创建了一个命令\link，用于连接两个节点并在边上写入数学内容。一个可选参数允许用户向标签节点提供其他内容；我使用此可选参数在边交叉的情况下将标签定位到更靠近边的开头的位置（pos = 0.2）。

在此处输入图片描述

顺便说一句，我写的是“parameterS”，但也许我只是误解了你展示的图片中的文字。我觉得没有这个“s”很奇怪。请随意更改。

答案3

解决方案是pstricks。它基于 的psmatrix环境和psDefBoxNodes命令pst-node。后者将 12 个节点关联到给定文本的边界框：（tl左上）、tC（中上）、tr（右上）、（Cl左中Bl）、（左基线）、bl（左下）等。基于此命令，我定义了一个\framenode[optional width] nodename}{contents}命令。默认宽度为 4.5 em：

\documentclass[x11names, border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pstricks-add, auto-pst-pdf}%
\usepackage{mathtools}

\newcommand{\framenode}[3][4.5em]{\psDefBoxNodes{#2}{\setlength{\fboxrule}{1pt}\fbox{\parbox{#1}{\rule{0pt}{3ex}\centering#3\rule[-1.25ex]{0pt}{1.25ex}}}}}



\begin{document}

\begin{pspicture}
    \small\everypsbox{\everymath{\scriptstyle}}
    \renewcommand{\pscolhooki}{\psset{mcol=l}}
    \begin{psmatrix}[colsep=1cm, rowsep=1.25cm]
        5 parameter & & & \framenode{SGT}{SGT} \\
        4 parameter & & \framenode{SG}{SGED} & \framenode{GT}{GT} & \framenode{ST}{ST} \\
        3 parameter & \framenode{SL}{SLaplace} & \framenode{GE}{GED} & \framenode{SN}{SNormal} & \framenode{T}{t} & \framenode{SC}{SCauchy} \\
        2 parameter & \framenode{L}{Laplace} & \framenode{U}{Uniform} & \framenode{N}{Normal} & & \framenode{C}{Cauchy}
    \end{psmatrix}
    %% Connexions
    \psset{linewidth=0.4pt, framesep=3pt, ref=r}
    % Niveau 1
    \ncline{SGT:Cl}{SG:tC}\ncput*[framesep=1pt, ref=c]{$q\to∞$}
    \ncline{SGT:bC}{GT:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
    \ncline{SGT:Cr}{ST:tC}\ncput*{$ p=\mathrlap{2}$}
    \ncline[linestyle=dashed, dash=2pt 2pt]{SGT:Cl}{U:Cr}\ncput*[framesep=1pt, ref=c, npos=0.85]{$p\to∞$}
    %Niveau 2
    \ncline{SG:Cl}{SL:tC}\ncput*{$p=\mathrlap{1}$}
    \ncline{SG:bC}{GE:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
    \ncline{SG:Cr}{SN:tC}\ncput*[npos=0.8]{$ p=\mathrlap{2}$}
    \ncline{GT:Cl}{GE:tC}\ncput*[framesep=1pt, ref=c]{$q\to∞$}
    \ncline{GT:Cr}{T:tC}\ncput*{$ p=\mathrlap{2}$}
    \ncline{ST:Cl}{SN:tC}\ncput*[framesep=1pt, ref=c]{$q\to∞$}
    \ncline{ST:bC}{T:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
    \ncline{ST:Cr}{SC:tC}\ncput*{$q=1\mkern-2mu/\mkern-1.5mu\mathrlap{2}$}
    % Niveau 3
    \ncline{SL:bC}{L:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
    \ncline{GE:Cl}{L:tC}\ncput*{$p=\mathrlap{1}$}
    \ncline{GE:Cr}{N:tC}\ncput*{$ p=\mathrlap{2}$}
    \ncline{SN:bC}{N:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
    \ncline{T:Cl}{N:tC}\ncput*[framesep=1pt, ref=c]{$q\to∞ $}
    \ncline{T:Cr}{C:tC}\ncput*{$q=1\mkern-2mu/\mkern-1.5mu\mathrlap{2}$}
    \ncline{SC:bC}{C:tC}\ncput*{$λ=\mathrlap{0}$}
\end{pspicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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