Biblatex 定制不起作用

Question 1

最后你这里有三个问题：

您是否知道任何用于定制参考书目和驱动程序的简单文档？

这里的问题在于你所说的“简单”是什么意思。我认为这是个人观点。“最佳”文档是软件包附带的文档。你可以从终端biblatex阅读它。texdoc biblatex
您知道如何在 URL 中获取连字符而不显示在等宽字体中吗？（我需要罗马字体）

要以罗马字母打印 url，请使用命令。要恢复连字符，请使用包中的\urlstyle{rm}命令：\urlurl\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}
什么原因，字段urldate和前缀“accessed”没有显示？

您在参赛作品中使用的日期格式错误，例如urldate = {12.08.2017}。正确的格式是 yyyy-mm-dd，因此请使用urldate = {2017-08-12}

我将您给出的代码片段组合成可编译的代码，并<======在代码中标记所有重要的更改。

以下 MWE

\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017,
 abstract = {The three official interest rates the ECB sets every six weeks as part of its monetary policy to steer the provision of liquidity to the banking sector.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Key ECB interest rates},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates-/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017b,
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 editor = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Why are stable prices important?},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/explainers/tell-me-more/html/stableprices.en.html},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017c,
 abstract = {Information on the scope of the ECB's monetary policy.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Scope of monetary policy},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/intro/role/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017d,
 abstract = {Maintaining price stability: Learn more about the objective of the ECB's monetary policy.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Objective of monetary policy},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/intro/objective/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017e,
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Monetary policy decisions},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2017/html/ecb.mp170720.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017f,
 abstract = {Monetary aggregates and counterparts are derived from the euro area banks' (MFIs') consolidated balance sheet. Monetary aggregates comprise short-term liabilities vis-{\`a}-vis the money holding sector, i.e. non-bank euro area residents excluding central government.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Monetary aggregates},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/money_credit_banking/monetary_aggregates/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
\end{filecontents}


\documentclass[12pt,oneside,titlepage,listof=totoc,bibliography=totoc]{scrartcl}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,USenglish]{babel}
\usepackage[autostyle,english=british]{csquotes}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage[%
  a4paper, left=4cm, right=2cm, top=2.8cm, bottom=2.3cm,
  showframe % <=========================================================
]{geometry}

% Biblatex
\usepackage[%
  backend=biber,  
  style=authoryear,
% citestyle=authoryear, % <=============================================
  url=false,
  isbn=false,
% notetype=footonly,
  hyperref=false,
  sortlocale=de
]{biblatex}

\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=black]{hyperref}
\definecolor{darkblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=true, breaklinks=true, linkcolor=darkblack, 
            menucolor=darkblack, urlcolor=darkblack}

% Optionen für Biblatex
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{%
  giveninits=false,
  isbn=true, 
  url=true, 
  doi=false, 
  eprint=false,
  maxbibnames=7, % Alle Autoren (kein et al.)
  maxcitenames=1, % Kürzel nur aus 1. Autor
  backref=false, % Rückverweise auf Zitatseiten
  bibencoding=utf8, % wenn .bib in utf8, sonst ascii
  bibwarn=true, % Warnung bei fehlerhafter bib-Datei
}%

%Autoren (Nachname, Vorname)
\DeclareNameAlias{default}{family-given} % <============================

\renewcommand*{\nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\addspace} % insert a comma between author and year in-text citations

%Titel nicht kursiv anzeigen 
\DeclareFieldFormat{title}{\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}

% Sourcecode nicht in codecoloumn anzeigen
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}} % <==================================
\urlstyle{rm} % <=======================================================
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{#1}

\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}

% Definiert @Online Eintrag
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{% www <==============================
  \newunit\newblock
  \printnames{author}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
% \setunit*{\space}%
  \printfield{url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space accessed \space}%
  \printfield{urldate}%
  \finentry}

%Bib-Datei einbinden
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib} % <======= to used the bib file created with filecontents


%-----------------------------------
% Start the document here:
%-----------------------------------
\begin{document}

This is a text referencing the bib entrys 
\parencite{EuropeanCentralBank.2017,EuropeanCentralBank.2017b,
  EuropeanCentralBank.2017c,EuropeanCentralBank.2017d,
  EuropeanCentralBank.2017e,EuropeanCentralBank.2017f}

\pagenumbering{Roman}                % Seitennumerierung auf römisch umstellen
\renewcommand{\refname}{Literature}  % "Literatur" in "Literaturverzeichnis" umbenennen

%-----------------------------------
% Literaturverzeichnis
%-----------------------------------
%\newpage
%\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Literatur}

\printbibliography

\end{document}

给出结果：

你的第四个问题这就是为什么\DeclareBibliographyDriver{www}不起作用的原因。因为www只是一个别名，所以更改www为online。似乎urldate没有正确定义，因此不会使用您自己的驱动程序打印。一个快速的解决方法是更改\printfield{urldate}%为使用urlday，urlmonth而urlyear不是（根据需要更改顺序）：

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{% www <==============================
  \newunit\newblock
  \printnames{author}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{title}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printfield{url}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space accessed \space}%
  \printfield{urlyear}\printtext{-}\printfield{urlmonth}\printtext{-}\printfield{urlday}% <=================================
  \finentry}

然后你会得到以下结果：

urldate如果您像这样定义文件：

\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\addcomma\space\printtext{accessed}\space #1}

如果您注释掉您自己的驱动程序，您将得到一个逗号，然后是“访问”和当前表单中的日期online。驱动程序online已经定义了比您自己的驱动程序更多的功能。

更改 bib 条目（在第一个条目中添加编辑器和注释）后，即可获得结果

具有以下 MWE：

\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017,
  abstract = {The three official interest rates the ECB sets every six 
              weeks as part of its monetary policy to steer the provision 
              of liquidity to the banking sector.},
  author = {{European Central Bank}},
  editor = {John Doe},
  year = {2017},
  title = {Key ECB interest rates},
  url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates-/html/index.en.html},
  address = {Frankfurt am Main},
  urldate = {2017-08-12},
  note = {testnote testnote testnote},
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017b,
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 editor = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Why are stable prices important?},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/explainers/tell-me-more/html/stableprices.en.html},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017c,
 abstract = {Information on the scope of the ECB's monetary policy.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Scope of monetary policy},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/intro/role/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017d,
 abstract = {Maintaining price stability: Learn more about the objective of the ECB's monetary policy.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Objective of monetary policy},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/intro/objective/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017e,
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Monetary policy decisions},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/pr/date/2017/html/ecb.mp170720.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
@online{EuropeanCentralBank.2017f,
 abstract = {Monetary aggregates and counterparts are derived from the euro area banks' (MFIs') consolidated balance sheet. Monetary aggregates comprise short-term liabilities vis-{\`a}-vis the money holding sector, i.e. non-bank euro area residents excluding central government.},
 author = {{European Central Bank}},
 year = {2017},
 title = {Monetary aggregates},
 url = {https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/money_credit_banking/monetary_aggregates/html/index.en.html},
 address = {Frankfurt am Main},
 urldate = {2017-08-12}
}
\end{filecontents}


\documentclass[12pt,oneside,titlepage,listof=totoc,bibliography=totoc]{scrartcl}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,USenglish]{babel}
\usepackage[autostyle,english=british]{csquotes}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage[%
  a4paper, left=4cm, right=2cm, top=2.8cm, bottom=2.3cm,
  showframe % <=========================================================
]{geometry}

% Biblatex
\usepackage[%
  backend=biber,  
  style=authoryear,
% citestyle=authoryear, % <=============================================
% notetype=footonly,
  hyperref=false,
  sortlocale=de,
  giveninits=false,
  isbn=true, 
  url=true, 
  doi=false, 
  eprint=false,
  maxbibnames=7, % Alle Autoren (kein et al.)
  maxcitenames=1, % Kürzel nur aus 1. Autor
  backref=false, % Rückverweise auf Zitatseiten
  bibencoding=utf8, % wenn .bib in utf8, sonst ascii
  bibwarn=true, % Warnung bei fehlerhafter bib-Datei
]{biblatex}

\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=black]{hyperref}
\definecolor{darkblack}{rgb}{0,0,0}
\hypersetup{%
  colorlinks=true, 
  breaklinks=true, 
  linkcolor=darkblack, 
  menucolor=darkblack, 
  urlcolor=darkblack
}

%Autoren (Nachname, Vorname)
\DeclareNameAlias{default}{family-given} % <============================

\renewcommand*{\nameyeardelim}{\addcomma\addspace} % insert a comma between author and year in-text citations

%Titel nicht kursiv anzeigen 
\DeclareFieldFormat{title}{\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}

% Sourcecode nicht in codecoloumn anzeigen
\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}} % <==================================
\urlstyle{rm} % <=======================================================
\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\addcomma\space\printtext{accessed}\space #1} % <===============

\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}

% Definiert @Online Eintrag
%\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{% www <==============================
  %\newunit\newblock
  %\printnames{author}%
  %\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  %\newunit\newblock
  %\printfield{title}%
  %\newunit\newblock
  %\printfield{url}%
  %\newunit\newblock
  %\setunit*{\addcomma\space accessed \space}%
  %\printfield{urlyear}\printtext{-}\printfield{urlmonth}\printtext{-}\printfield{urlday}% <===========================================
  %%\printfield{urldate}
  %\finentry}


%Bib-Datei einbinden
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib} % <======= to used the bib file created with filecontents


%-----------------------------------
% Start the document here:
%-----------------------------------
\begin{document}

This is a text referencing the bib entrys 
\parencite{EuropeanCentralBank.2017,EuropeanCentralBank.2017b,
  EuropeanCentralBank.2017c,EuropeanCentralBank.2017d,
  EuropeanCentralBank.2017e,EuropeanCentralBank.2017f}

\pagenumbering{Roman}                % Seitennumerierung auf römisch umstellen
\renewcommand{\refname}{Literature}  % "Literatur" in "Literaturverzeichnis" umbenennen

\printbibliography

\end{document}

Answer