梅威瑟：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\mytable}[1]{
\begin{tabular}{ | l | p{0.75\linewidth} | }
\hline
\Huge X & #1 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\end{document}
目前产生：
第一个例子显示的内容在高度上“较短”，而第二个例子显示的内容较高。当第二列中的内容高度小于 X 的高度时，我希望第二列的内容在 X 上垂直居中。当第二列中的内容高度大于 X 的高度时，我希望第二列内容的顶部与 X 的顶部齐平。我该如何实现这一点？谢谢！
编辑：
这非常接近我想要的：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\mytable}[1]{
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | }
\hline
\raisebox{-\height}{\Huge X}
&
\begin{minipage}[t][\maxof{\height}{\totalheightof{\Huge X}}][c]{10cm}
#1
\end{minipage}
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\end{document}
但是为什么当用于垂直居中内部内容minipage时似乎在其上方添加了垂直空间？[c]
答案1
我不知道如何实现自动化。相反，我建议在每种特定情况下使用两个不同的命令：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\usepackage{makecell, cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{5pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{4pt}
\newcommand{\myowntable}[1]{
\begin{tabular}{ |Sl | p{10cm} | }
\hline
\makecell{\Huge X}
& #1%
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\newcommand{\mylongowntable}[1]{
\begin{tabular}{ |Sl | p{10cm} | }
\hline
\raisebox{-0.6\height}{\Huge X}
& #1%
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\begin{document}
\myowntable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mylongowntable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]\leavevmode\vspace*{-2ex}}
\end{document}
答案2
新答案：（我认为有更好的代码）
它应该以可靠的方式检测右列的高度和深度是否大于 X 的高度和深度，并据此以两种不同的方式设置表格，而不需要猜测任何长度\raisebox（感谢@Bernard 为小右列的表格提供的出色解决方案）：
\documentclass[preview,border=4mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\usepackage{makecell, cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{5pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{3pt}
\newdimen\Xtotal
\newdimen\Xwidth
\newdimen\partotal
\newcommand{\mytable}[2][10cm]{
\setbox0\hbox{\Huge X}%
\Xtotal=\dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax%
\Xwidth=\wd0\relax%
\setbox0\hbox{\parbox[t]{#1}{#2}}%
\partotal=\dimexpr\ht0+\dp0\relax%
\ifdim\partotal>\Xtotal\relax%
\begin{tabular}{ | Sl | p{#1} | }%
\hline
\parbox[b][\ht0][t]{\Xwidth}{\Huge X}%
& #2\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\else%
\begin{tabular}{ | Sl | p{#1} | }
\hline
\makecell{\Huge X}
& #2%
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\fi%
}
\begin{document}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\bigskip
\mytable{Two lines just to check how it looks on this lovely X. So here they
come}
\end{document}
旧答案：
下面的操作可以满足您的要求（但不是漂亮的代码——请不要接受我的答案，等待一段时间看看是否有人有更好的答案）：
\documentclass[preview,border=4mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\usepackage{makecell, cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{5pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{4pt}
\newdimen\hugewidth
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\mytable}[2][10cm]{
\setbox0\hbox{\Huge X}%
\hugewidth=\wd0\relax%
\setbox0\hbox{#2}%
\ifdim\wd0>#1\relax% paragraph is too wide for one row
\setbox0\hbox{\parbox[t]{#1}{#2}}%
\begin{tabular}{ | Sl | p{#1} | }%
\hline
\parbox[b][\ht0][t]{\hugewidth}{\Huge X}%
& #2\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\else%
\begin{tabular}{ | Sl | p{#1} | }
\hline
\makecell{\Huge X}
& #2%
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\fi%
}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\bigskip
\mytable{Two lines just to check how it looks on this lovely X. So here they
come}
\end{document}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\newdimen\hugeheight
\newdimen\hugewidth
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\mytable}[1]{
\setbox0\hbox{\Huge X}%
\hugeheight=\ht0\relax%
\hugewidth=\wd0\relax%
\setbox0\hbox{\parbox[b]{10cm}{#1}}%
\ifdim\ht0>\hugeheight\relax%
\begin{tabular}{ | l | p{10cm} | }
\hline
\smash{\raisebox{-0.6\hugeheight}{\Huge X}} & #1\\
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\else%
\begin{tabular}{ | m{\hugewidth} | p{10cm} | }
\hline
\Huge X
&
#1
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}%
\fi%
}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\bigskip
\mytable{Two lines just to check how it looks on this lovely X. So here they
come}
\end{document}
答案3
遗憾的是，如果不使用 raisebox 和一些随机数，似乎就没有解决方案。通过调整\fboxsep下面的代码，可以控制单元格内的间距：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc}
\renewcommand{\fboxsep}{4pt} %adjust this to alter the spacing inside the table
\newcommand{\mytable}[1]{
\noindent\begin{tabular}{ | @{}c @{}|@{} c @{}|@{} c @{}| }
\hline
\raisebox{1.8ex}{\fbox{\begin{minipage}[t][][c]{\widthof{\Huge X}}\Huge X \end{minipage}}} &
\raisebox{1.8ex}{\fbox{\begin{minipage}[t][\maxof{\height+0.1ex}{\heightof{\Huge X}}][c]{10cm}
#1
\end{minipage}}}
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\begin{document}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\bigskip
\mytable{Now with two lines, just for fun. The lines should not be centered, since there vertical space exceeds the X.}
\bigskip
\mytable{lets \\ make \\ it \\ four}
\end{document}
答案4
由于我不明白的原因，\begin{minipage}[t][][c]...它完全位于基线之下——零高度，全部深度。我相信，下面的解决方案将两个列框的顶部放在同一个位置。我不确定这是否是\normalbaselineskip我将两个框升高到的正确目标，但就我看来它是正确的。（我也在cellspace看到 Bernard 和 Skillmon 使用它后添加了它，因为它确实使结果在视觉上更令人愉悦，但这不是绝对必要的。）
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{lipsum,calc,etoolbox,cellspace}
\newtoggle{drawframes}
% Uncomment to see frames.
% \toggletrue{drawframes}
\newcommand{\maybefbox}[1]{\iftoggle{drawframes}{\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{#1}}{#1}}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\mytable}[1]{
\begin{tabular}{ | Sl | Sl | }
\hline
\maybefbox{\raisebox{-\height + \normalbaselineskip}{\Huge X}}
& \maybefbox{\raisebox{\normalbaselineskip}{%
\begin{minipage}
[t]
[\maxof{\totalheight}{\totalheightof{\Huge X}}]
[c]
{0.75\linewidth}
#1
\end{minipage}}}
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\mytable{Single line should be centered on the X}
\bigskip
\mytable{Whole paragraph should be flush at top with the X. \lipsum[1]}
\end{document}
