长表问题和格式问题

Question 1

根据用户@MichaelPalmer 的部分回答，让我们来看看答案的第二部分，longtable数字的用法和左边太大的空间......

您的代码使用 siunitx来格式化表格列的数字和空间（S）。因此，您可以添加table-format = +1.4e+4以\sisetup在小数点前获得一个数字，在小数点后获得 4 个数字（+1.4），对于指数使用 4 个字符（e+4）。现在，您可以使用获得较小的列宽度S[table-column-width=3cm]。

您会在以下代码部分发现所有这些变化：

\begin{table}[!ht]

% \centering\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\small}
  \small\sisetup{per-mode=symbol,table-format = +1.4e+4} % 1 integer,4 dezimal 4 exponent
%                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  \setlength{\doublerulesep}{5pt}
  \rowcolors{3}{LightMauve}{MyWhite}
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\centering}p{3.5cm}||%
                   >{\centering}p{1.5cm}|%
                   S[table-column-width=4cm]|%
                   S[table-column-width=3cm]|% <========================
                   S[table-column-width=2cm]|}
    \hhline{~----}

为了能够使用环境，longtable您可以使用以下代码来启动长表：

{ \small\sisetup{per-mode=symbol,table-format = +1.4e+4} % 1 integer,4 dezimal 4 exponent
  \setlength{\doublerulesep}{5pt}
  \rowcolors{3}{MyWhite}{LightMauve}
\begin{longtable}{|>{\centering}p{3.5cm}||
                   >{\centering}p{1.5cm}|
                   S[table-column-width=4cm]| 
                   S[table-column-width=3cm]| % <=======================
                   S[table-column-width=2cm]|}
  \caption{Boundary and inlet conditions and output values for the 
           simulation of the adsorbtion phenomenon for batch 1 and 2.}
  \label{tableb2}\\
  \toprule
\endfirsthead
  \toprule
\endhead
  \midrule
  \multicolumn{5}{c}{to be continued ...} \\
  \midrule
\endfoot
  \bottomrule
\endlastfoot

和

\end{longtable}
}

结束它。请注意，需要用右括号来关闭我开始的具有字体大小的组small，并且sisetup仅可用于longtable。

使用以下 MWE

\documentclass[table]{book}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[LGRgreek]{mathastext}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{chemformula}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\DeclareSIUnit{\mEq}{mEq}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{hhline}

\usepackage{booktabs}

\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{nicefrac} % <===============================================
\usepackage{longtable} % <==============================================
\definecolor{MyWhite}{rgb}{0.98,0.96,1}
\definecolor{LightMauve}{rgb}{0.86,0.82,1}

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2} % <=====================================


%% page settings

\usepackage[top=3cm, bottom=3cm,left=3cm,right=2.5cm]{geometry} 
\parindent=0cm % for space of first line of new text block
\sloppy % for writing with hyphenless justification (tries to)
\hyphenation{} 

\usepackage{fancyhdr} % needed for head and foot options
%\linespread{1.3}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!ht]

% \centering\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\small}
  \small\sisetup{per-mode=symbol,table-format = +1.4e+4} % 1 integer,4 dezimal 4 exponent
%                                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  \setlength{\doublerulesep}{5pt}
  \rowcolors{3}{LightMauve}{MyWhite}
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\centering}p{3.5cm}||%
                   >{\centering}p{1.5cm}|%
                   S[table-column-width=4cm]|%
                   S[table-column-width=3cm]|% <========================
                   S[table-column-width=2cm]|}
    \hhline{~----}
    \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Symbol} & {Batch 1} & {Batch 2} & {Unit}  \\
    \hhline{-::====:}
Initial instant of time & \ch{t_0}      & 0         & 0         & \si{\s} \\ 
Initial length          & \ch{l_0}      & 0         & 0         & \si{\m} \\
Set flow rate           & \ch{Q_{set}}  & 11.5      & 4.78      & $\nicefrac{ml}{min}$ \\
"                       & \ch{Q_{set}}  & 1.9167E-7 & 7.9667E-8 & $\nicefrac{m^3}{s}$ \\
Velocity of reaction    & \ch{K_{ads}}  & 0.5       & 0.027     & $\nicefrac{m^3}{mol \cdot s}$ \\
Diffusion coefficient of 
  urea in \ch{H_2O}     & \ch{D_L}      & 1.38E-9   & 1.38E-9   & $\nicefrac{m^2}{s}$ \\
Concentration of the 
  inlet solution        & \ch{C_{in}}   & 5.07      & 4.9       & $\nicefrac{mol}{m^3}$ \\
Density of the sorbent  & $ \rho_s $    & 9.8E4     & 9.8E4     & $\nicefrac{g}{m^3}$ \\
Porosity of the sorbent & $\epsilon_s$  & 0.9414    & 0.94      &  {-}  \\
Height of the swelling 
  of the sorbent        & $ h_s $       & 0.15      & 0.1667    & $\%$\\
Length of the sorbent   & $ l_s $       & 0.0184    & 0.0184    & \si{m} \\
Final set length of the 
  sorbent               & $l_{f_{set}}$ & 0.0212    & 0.0215    & \si{m} \\
Diameter of the sorbent & $d_s$         & 0.0127    & 0.0127    & \si{m} \\
Diameter of the 
  reference sorbent     &$d_{{s}_{ref}}$& 0.0127    & 0.0127    & \si{m} \\
Ratio between $d_s$ and 
  $d_{{s}_{ref}}$       & x             & 1         & 1         & {-} \\
Final length of the 
  sorbent               & $l_f$         & 0.0212    & 0.0215    & \si{m} \\
    \hhline{-||----}
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Boundary and inlet conditions and output values for the simulation of the adsorbtion phenomenon for batch 1 and 2.}
  \label{tableb1}
\end{table}

\clearpage
{ \small\sisetup{per-mode=symbol,table-format = +1.4e+4} % 1 integer,4 dezimal 4 exponent
  \setlength{\doublerulesep}{5pt}
  \rowcolors{3}{MyWhite}{LightMauve}
\begin{longtable}{|>{\centering}p{3.5cm}||
                   >{\centering}p{1.5cm}|
                   S[table-column-width=4cm]| 
                   S[table-column-width=3cm]| % <=======================
                   S[table-column-width=2cm]|}
  \caption{Boundary and inlet conditions and output values for the 
           simulation of the adsorbtion phenomenon for batch 1 and 2.}
  \label{tableb2}\\
  \toprule
\endfirsthead
  \toprule
\endhead
  \midrule
  \multicolumn{5}{c}{to be continued ...} \\
  \midrule
\endfoot
  \bottomrule
\endlastfoot
    \hhline{~----}
    \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Symbol} & {Batch 1} & {Batch 2} & {Unit}  \\
    \hhline{-::====:}
Initial instant of time & \ch{t_0}      & 0         & 0         & \si{\s} \\ 
Initial length          & \ch{l_0}      & 0         & 0         & \si{\m} \\
Set flow rate           & \ch{Q_{set}}  & 11.5      & 4.78      & $\nicefrac{ml}{min}$ \\
"                       & \ch{Q_{set}}  & 1.9167E-7 & 7.9667E-8 & $\nicefrac{m^3}{s}$ \\
Velocity of reaction    & \ch{K_{ads}}  & 0.5       & 0.027     & $\nicefrac{m^3}{mol \cdot s}$ \\
Diffusion coefficient of 
  urea in \ch{H_2O}     & \ch{D_L}      & 1.38E-9   & 1.38E-9   & $\nicefrac{m^2}{s}$ \\
Concentration of the 
  inlet solution        & \ch{C_{in}}   & 5.07      & 4.9       & $\nicefrac{mol}{m^3}$ \\
Density of the sorbent  & $ \rho_s $    & 9.8E4     & 9.8E4     & $\nicefrac{g}{m^3}$ \\
Porosity of the sorbent & $\epsilon_s$  & 0.9414    & 0.94      &  {-}  \\
Height of the swelling 
  of the sorbent        & $ h_s $       & 0.15      & 0.1667    & $\%$\\
Length of the sorbent   & $ l_s $       & 0.0184    & 0.0184    & \si{m} \\
Final set length of the 
  sorbent               & $l_{f_{set}}$ & 0.0212    & 0.0215    & \si{m} \\
Diameter of the sorbent & $d_s$         & 0.0127    & 0.0127    & \si{m} \\
Diameter of the 
  reference sorbent     &$d_{{s}_{ref}}$& 0.0127    & 0.0127    & \si{m} \\
Ratio between $d_s$ and 
  $d_{{s}_{ref}}$       & x             & 1         & 1         & {-} \\
Final length of the 
  sorbent               & $l_f$         & 0.0212    & 0.0215    & \si{m} \\

Molar mass of urea & $ M_{urea} $ & 60.06 & 60.06 & $\nicefrac{g}{mol}$ \\
Mass of urea at the inlet & $m_{{urea}_{in}}$ & 10.5054 & 4.2202 & \si{mg} \\
Step size & $ D_z $ & 2.5E-4 & 2.5E-4 & \si{m} \\
Average velocity of the solution in the sorbent  & $\overline{v}$ & 0.0016 & 6.6904E-4 &$\dfrac{m}{s}$ \\
Crossing time & $t_{cross}$ & 0.2194 & 0.5348 & \si{min} \\
Set duration of the simulation & $\Delta t_{sim}$ & 180 & 180 & \si{s} \\
Simulation time based on sorbent length & $t_{sim}$ & 193.1656 & 212.0867 & \si{s} \\
Langmuir constant & $k_L$ & 0.0145 & 0.0145 & $\dfrac{m^3}{mol}$ \\
Maximum adsorbtion capacity & $Q_{max}$ & 133.34 & 133.34 & $\dfrac{mg_{urea}}{g_{sorbent}}$ \\ 
Value of the second order kinetic model & $k_2$ & 0.115 & 0.115 & $\nicefrac{g_{sorbent}}{mg_{urea} \cdot min}$ \\
Number of space intervals & $N_{int_z}$ & 84 & 85 & {-} \\
Contact time between sorbent and fluid & $t_{contact}$ & 0.0026 & 0.0063 & \si{min} \\
$C_{initial}$ of urea in the sorbent & $C_0$ & 0 & 0 & $\dfrac{mol_{urea}}{m^3_{sorbent}}$ \\
Experimental parameter & $par_1$ & 0.8184 & 0.8184 & {-} \\
"                      & $par_2$ & 0.008 & 0.008 & {-} \\
"                      & $par_3$ & 4.3 & 4.3 & {-} \\
"                      & $par_4$ & 4.76 & 4.76 & {-} \\
$C_{eq}$ of urea in the solution & $C_{eq}$ & 4.1493 & 4.0102 & $\dfrac{mol_{urea}}{m^3_{sorbent}}$ \\
Concentration of urea in the sorbent & $csp$ & 217.5711 & 217.5711 & $\dfrac{mol_{urea}}{m^3_{sorbent}}$ \\
Time step & $D_t$ & 0.0771 & 0.1837 & $s$ \\
Maximum time step & $D_{t_{max}}$ & 0.1542 & 0.3674 & $s$ \\
Number of time intervals & $N_{int_t}$ & 2506 & 1154 & {-} \\
    \hhline{-||----}
\end{longtable}
}
\end{document}

你得到的结果：

对于第一个表和

开始长桌会议……

请注意，的列Batch2(3cm) 比的列 (4cm) 小batch1。

Answer