我看过几篇关于此错误的帖子，但解决方案往往非常具体。因为我使用的是此处的模板（https://github.com/mlouhivu/prace-latex-whitepaper) 我很难找到这个错误，因为我什么都没做，只是尝试按原样运行模板。如果有人能给我指出正确的方向，我将不胜感激。
谢谢。
%%% Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe
%%% www.prace-ri.eu
%%%
%%% LaTeX template for a PRACE-RI whitepaper.
%%%
%%% (c) CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd.
%%% author: Martti Louhivuori ([email protected])
%%%
%%% Generic instructions:
%%% - follow the point-by-point instructions
%%% - fill in the required author information, title, and abstract
%%% - write your paper using the general format outlined below
%%% - do NOT touch the generic layout between the following tags:
%%% %%% PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT; DO NOT CHANGE %%%
%%% %%% END OF PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT %%%
%%% - the paper should be 3-6 pages long
%%% - refer to 'example.tex' and 'example.pdf' for a practical example
%%%
%%% PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT; DO NOT CHANGE %%%
\documentclass{prace}
%%% END OF PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT %%%
% TITLE
% - use the name of your project
% - capitalise the first letter
\title{}
% AUTHORS
% - include all people involved in the effort
% - depending on their contribution, include PRACE experts as authors
% or mention them in acknowledgements
% - give affiliations in the option field as a list of numbers
% corresponding to the order of \affiliation definitions, i.e.
% [1] -> 1st \affiliation, [2] -> 2nd, [1,2] -> 1st & 2nd
% - mark one of the authors as the corresponding author using
% \corresponding before the \author, i.e.
% \corresponding\author[1]{N.N.}
%
% example:
% \author[1]{First Author}
% \corresponding\author[2]{Second Author}
% \author[1,2]{Third Author}
\author[]{}
\corresponding\author[]{}
% AFFILIATIONS
% - define affiliations in the same order you used for in the author
% definitions
% - include: name, address, city, postcode, and country
%
% example:
% \affiliation{First affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country}
% \affiliation{Second affiliation, Address, City and Postcode, Country}
\affiliation{}
% PROJECT ID
% - use the ID of your project
\project{}
% CONTACT INFORMATION
% - give the email address of the corresponding author
%
% example:
% \email{[email protected]}
\email{}
%%% PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT; DO NOT CHANGE %%%
\begin{document}
\maketitle
%%% END OF PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT %%%
% ABSTRACT
% - write a concise abstract that outlines the approach / methods, main
% results, and relevance of your project
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
% MAIN BODY
%
% Write the report in the style of a journal article (i.e. Introduction,
% Methods, Results, Conclusions). The appropriate length of the paper
% is 3-6 pages (although there is no upper limit).
%
% In the report please describe:
% - goals of the project
% - scientific case and goals related to the project
% - technical goals (performance, parallel scalability, ...)
% - work done in the project, including
% - technical and algorithmic methods and programming techniques employed
% - use of profiling tools when applicable
% - use of numerical libraries when applicable
% - machine(s) used for the work
% - results obtained
% - give quantitative measurements of the achieved performance
% enhancements and the scaling behaviour
% - discuss how the results compare with the goals
% - summary
% - relevance of the obtained results for the stated scientific goals
% - outlook on possible future work
%
% instructions:
% - use only \sections and \subsections to divide the paper into logical
% segments
% - capitalise only the first letter of headings
% - symbols denoting vectors and matrices should be in bold type
% - scalar variables should be in italics, i.e. enclosed within $$ in text
% - weights and measures should be expressed in SI units
% - avoid footnotes if at all possible
% - collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the
% article; do NOT include them on the title page, as a footnote etc.
%
% example:
% \section{Introduction}
% Introductory text...
% \section{Methods}
% General description...
% \subsection{Specific method A}
% Method A in detail...
% ...
% \section{Acknowledgements}
% The results in this paper have been achieved using the PRACE Research
% Infrastructure.
%
\section{}
\subsection{}
% FIGURES
% - all photographs, schemas, graphs, and diagrams are to be referred to
% as figures
% - line drawings should be goo quality scans or true electronic ouput
% - low-quality scans are not acceptable
% - lettering and symbols should be clearly defined either in the caption
% or in a legend provided as part of the figure
% - figures should be placed at the top or the bottom of a page whenever
% possible
% - if two images fit next to each other, they may be placed so to save
% space
% - refer to figures in the text as Fig.~\ref{fig: foo} (with the correct
% reference labels of course)
%
% examples:
% - single image:
% \begin{figure}
% \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{example}\hfill{}
% \caption{singlepicture}
% \label{fig: single-example}
% \end{figure}
%
% - two images side-by-side:
% \begin{figure}
% \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{example}\hfill{}
% \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{example}\hfill{}
% \caption{(a) first picture; (b) second picture}
% \label{fig: double-example}
% \end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[]{}\hfill{}
\caption{}
\label{}
\end{figure}
% TABLES
% - tables must be embedded into the text and not supplied separately
% - caption before tabular
% - left-justified columns
% - only horisontal lines within a table:
% - \toprule at the beginning of the table
% - \midrule after the column headings but before the body
% - \bottomrule at the end of the table
% - \cmidrule can also be used for partial lines within the column headings
% (see the booktabs package documentation for further details:
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/booktabs/ )
% - refer to tables in the text as Table~\ref{tab: foo} (with the correct
% reference labels of course)
%
% example:
% \begin{table}
% \caption{An example of a table}
% \label{tab: example}
% \begin{tabular}{lll}
% \toprule
% An example of a column heading & Column A (t) & Column B (T) \\
% \midrule
% An entry & 1 & 2 \\
% and another entry & 3 & 4 \\
% yet another entry & 5 & 6 \\
% \bottomrule
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
\begin{table}
\caption{}
\label{}
\begin{tabular}{}
\toprule
\midrule
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
% LISTS
% - use \itemize for bulleted lists and \enumerate for numbered lists
%
% example:
% \begin{itemize}
% \item First point
% \item Second point
% \end{itemize}
\begin{itemize}
\item
\end{itemize}
% REFERENCES
% - use \cite for references
% - always include \cite even when referring to the authors by name
%
% example:
% Example citation to a paper\cite{scholes-DiscussFaradaySoc-70} and to
% another paper by Someone \emph{et al.}\cite{someone-SomeJournal-00}.
\cite{}
% EQUATIONS
% - use the equation environment for all equations
% - short in-line notation may also be used, but should be avoided if
% possible
% - use bold type face (\mathbf) for vectors and matrices
% - refer to equations in the text as Eq.~\ref{eq: foo} (with the correct
% reference labels of course)
%
% example:
% \begin{equation}
% Rt = K EP = 93.02 (\pm 9.62) – 13.45
% \label{eq: example}
% \end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{}
\end{equation}
% ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
% - additional acknowledgements may be added
% - names of PRACE machines and the corresponding sites and countries
% should be inserted to end of the general PRACE acknowledgement
\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was financially supported by the PRACE project funded in part
by the EUs 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement
no. RI-283493. The work was achieved using the PRACE Research Infrastructure
resources at [insert here machine names and the corresponding sites and
countries].
% REFERENCE LIST
% - use \thebibliography and \bibitems to enter references, no separate .bib
% files
% - use normal font for *everything* (no bold typefaces etc.)
% - shorten the last page number, i.e. 51--9 for pages 51--59
% - for more than 6 authors the first 6 should be listed followed by et al.
% - use \emph{et al.} for the et al.
% - end each reference with a period
%
% example:
% \begin{thebibliography}{99}
% \bibitem{scholes-DiscussFaradaySoc-70}
% S. Scholes, Discuss. Faraday Soc. No. 50 (1970) 222.
% \bibitem{mazurin-Phase-Separation-in-Glass-84}
% O.V. Mazurin and E.A. Porai-Koshits (eds.),
% Phase Separation in Glass, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1984.
% \bibitem{dimitriev-JMaterSci-75}
% Y. Dimitriev and E. Kashchieva, J.Mater. Sci. 10 (1975) 1419.
% \bibitem{eaton-Porous-Glass-Support-Material-75}
% D.L. Eaton, Porous Glass Support Material, US Patent No. 3 904 422
% (1975).
% \end{thebibliography}
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{}
\end{thebibliography}
%%% PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT; DO NOT CHANGE %%%
\end{document}
%%% END OF PRACE GENERIC LAYOUT %%%
以下是 prace.cls 文件：
%%% Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe
%%% www.prace-ri.eu
%%%
%%% LaTeX document class for a PRACE-RI whitepaper.
%%%
%%% (c) CSC - IT Center for Science Ltd.
%%% author: Martti Louhivuori ([email protected])
%%%
%%% Requires: LaTeX2e
%%% geometry, graphicx, ifthen, booktabs
%%%
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{prace}[2013/03/26 PRACE-RI Whitepaper class]
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\OptionNotUsed}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions\relax
\LoadClass[a4paper]{article}
% A4: 210x297mm - 20mm margins
\RequirePackage{geometry}
\geometry{text={170mm,257mm}, centering}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\RequirePackage{ifthen}
\RequirePackage{booktabs}
% page numbering
\pagenumbering{arabic}
%\pagestyle{empty}
% default font
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{10}{11}\selectfont}
% default values
\def\projectname{}
\def\authortel{+0-000-000-0000}
\def\authorfax{+0-000-000-0000}
\def\authoremail{[email protected]}
% internal counters
\newcounter{praceauth}
\setcounter{praceauth}{0}
\renewcommand\thepraceauth{\alph{praceauth}}
\newcounter{praceaffi}
\setcounter{praceaffi}{0}
\renewcommand\thepraceaffi{\alph{praceaffi}}
\newcounter{pracetmp}
\setcounter{pracetmp}{0}
\renewcommand\thepracetmp{\alph{pracetmp}}
% project ID & author contact details
\newcommand\project[1]{\renewcommand\projectname{#1}}
\newcommand{\email}[1]{\renewcommand\authoremail{#1}}
\newcommand{\tel}[1]{\renewcommand\authortel{#1}}
\newcommand{\fax}[1]{\renewcommand\authorfax{#1}}
% tag corresponding author
\newif\if@iscorresponding
\@iscorrespondingfalse
\newif\if@hascorresponding
\@hascorrespondingfalse
\newcommand\corresponding[0]{\@iscorrespondingtrue\@hascorrespondingtrue}
% corresponding author footnote
\long\def\authorfootnote{%
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname 1\relax%
\xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}%
\@footnotetext}
% corresponding author contact detail footnote
\def\authorcontact{%
\authorfootnote{Corresponding author.\\%
\indent\hspace{1ex}
tel. \authortel{}\hspace{1ex}
fax. \authorfax{}\hspace{1ex}
e-mail. \authoremail{}}
}
% tmp flag
\newif\if@praceflag
\@praceflagfalse
% convert integers to letters
\def\csvitoalist{}
\newcommand\csvitoa[1]{
\def\csvitoalist{}
\@for\name:=#1\do{
\setcounter{pracetmp}{\name}
\if@praceflag
\edef\csvitoalist{\csvitoalist,\thepracetmp}
\else
\edef\csvitoalist{\thepracetmp}
\@praceflagtrue
\fi}
\@praceflagfalse
\csvitoalist
}
% store author definitions for later use
\def\authorlist{}
\def\tmpname{}
\renewcommand\author[2][a]{%
%
\def\alfalist{}
\@for\name:=#1\do{
\setcounter{pracetmp}{\name}
\if@praceflag
\edef\alfalist{\alfalist,\thepracetmp}
\else
\edef\alfalist{\thepracetmp}
\@praceflagtrue
\fi}
\@praceflagfalse
%
% \def\alfalist{\csvitoa{#1}}
%
\def\tmpname{#2}
\if@iscorresponding
\edef\tmpname{\tmpname{}${}^{\alfalist{},*}$}
\else
\edef\tmpname{\tmpname{}${}^{\alfalist}$}
\fi
\ifnum \c@praceauth >\z@
\edef\authorlist{\authorlist{}, \tmpname{}}
\else
\edef\authorlist{\tmpname{}}
\fi
\@iscorrespondingfalse
\addtocounter{praceauth}{1}
}
% store affiliation definitions for later use
\def\affiliationlist{}
\newcommand\affiliation[2][a]{%
\addtocounter{praceaffi}{1}
\def\tmpname{{${}^{\thepraceaffi}$#2}}
\ifnum \c@praceaffi >\@ne
\edef\affiliationlist{\affiliationlist{},\tmpname{}}
\else
\edef\affiliationlist{\tmpname{}}
\fi%
}
% output affiliation list
\newcommand\affiliationblock[0]{%
\@for\name:=\affiliationlist\do{\name\\}}
% title block
\renewcommand{\maketitle}{%
\newpage
\noindent\begin{minipage}{3cm}
\includegraphics[width=3cm]{prace-logo}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{11cm}
\centering%
Available on-line at www.prace-ri.eu\\\vspace{1em}
{\large\bfseries Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{3cm}
\end{minipage}\\
\null
\vskip 2em%
\begin{center}%
\let \footnote \thanks
{\LARGE \@title \par}%
\vskip 1.5em%
{\large
\lineskip .5em%
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
\authorlist
\end{tabular}\par}%
\vskip 1em%
\affiliationblock
\if@hascorresponding
\authorcontact
\else
\@latex@warning{Corresponding author is undefined}
\fi
\end{center}%
\par
\vskip 1.5em%
}
% section heading formats
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
{1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
{\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
% redefine section, figure etc. format
\def\thesection {\arabic{section}.}
\def\thesubsection {\thesection\arabic{subsection}.}
\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection\arabic{subsection}.}
\def\figurename{Fig.}
\def\tablename{Table}
% add horisontal lines before and after the abstract
\renewenvironment{abstract}%
{\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{0.1pt}
\small
\noindent{\bfseries \abstractname}
\quotation}%
{\vspace{1em}\\{\small Project ID: \projectname}\\
\noindent\rule{\textwidth}{0.1pt}}
% no indentation for quotations
\renewenvironment{quotation}%
{\list{}{%
\listparindent 0.0em
\itemindent \listparindent
\rightmargin \leftmargin
\parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
\item\relax}
{\endlist}
% add space either after table caption or before figure caption
\newif\if@withintable
\@withintablefalse
\newif\if@withinfigure
\@withinfigurefalse
\renewenvironment{figure}
{\@withinfiguretrue\@float{figure}}
{\end@float\@withinfigurefalse}
\renewenvironment{figure*}
{\@withinfiguretrue\@dblfloat{figure}}
{\end@dblfloat\@withinfigurefalse}
\renewenvironment{table}
{\@withintabletrue\@float{table}}
{\end@float\@withintablefalse}
\renewenvironment{table*}
{\@withintabletrue\@dblfloat{table}}
{\end@dblfloat\@withintablefalse}
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\if@withinfigure
\vskip\abovecaptionskip
\fi
{\small #1. #2\par}
\if@withintable
\vskip\belowcaptionskip
\fi}
% ref.number in References
\def\@biblabel#1{\indent#1.}
答案1
这是类文件中的一个错误，请在 documentclass 行后立即添加修复，因此它看起来像：
\documentclass{prace}
\makeatletter
\long\def\authorfootnote{%
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
\csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname 1\relax%
\protected@xdef\@thefnmark{\thempfn}%this was xdef, which is a bad idea.
\@footnotetext}
\makeatother