书目中的单词间距

Question

我正在尝试消除这些间距。我一直在寻找并尝试不同的方法，但似乎没有什么效果。我正在使用thebibliography环境。

我正在尝试均匀分布所有内容。对于参考文献 1，网站间距太远，而对于参考文献 2，我希望均匀分布。请帮忙

我用纯文本处理同样的问题。我不知道是否有一个通用命令既适用于 biblo，也适用于纯文本

Answer 1

以下是一些选项：

\documentclass[twocolumn]{article}

\usepackage[paper=a5paper,margin=1cm]{geometry}% Just for this example

\usepackage{hyperref}
\def\UrlBreaks{\do\/\do-}

\begin{document}

Default bibliography:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \bibitem{abc0}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.
  http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def0}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}
  https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

First alternative:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \raggedright
  \bibitem{abc1}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.
  http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def1}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}
  https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

Second alternative:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \bibitem{abc2}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.
  \url{http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/}.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def2}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}
  \url{https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers}.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

Third alternative:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \bibitem{abc3}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.
  \href{http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/}{http://advantech-bb.com/}.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def3}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}
  \href{https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers}{http://www.journals.elsevier.com/}.
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

Fourth alternative:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \bibitem{abc4}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.

  \href{http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/}{http://advantech-bb.com/}

  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def4}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}

  \href{https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers}{https://www.journals.elsevier.com/}

  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

Fifth alternative:

\begin{thebibliography}{X}
  \bibitem{abc5}
  Adventech B+B SmartWorx. {\itshape Smart IoT Technologies for Adaptive
  Traffic Management Using a Wireless Mesh Sensor Network.} 19 November 2014.
  \href{http://advantech-bb.com/smart-iot-technologies-for-adaptive-traffic-management-using-a-wireless-mesh-sensor-networks/}{\ttfamily advantech-bb.com}
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.

  \bibitem{def5}
  Elsevier. {\itshape Data-driven smart-city-enabled traffic system modeling,
  analysis and optimization.}
  \href{https://www.journals.elsevier.com/transportation-research-part-c-emerging-technologies/call-for-papers}{\ttfamily www.journals.elsevier.com}
  Accessed: 15 October 2017.
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

在上面的例子中，

1. 原始输入。

2. \raggedright在环境中使用thebibliography有助于换行的对齐方式。甚至可以考虑\RaggedRight使用ragged2e。

3. 使用url（还提供了hyperref) 并附加换行规则（参见如何处理包含长 URL 的参考书目项目？）。

4. 在线浏览时使用带有完整嵌入超链接的缩写 URL。

5. 将 URL 放在一行上，尽可能缩短。

6. 混合上面的（3）和（4），并删除协议和路径，而只保留域。

   

   在线内容查看者仍可点击 URL 转到预期目标。离线查看者应能够通过 URL 域在线找到内容。

另一个可以考虑的选择是使用 URL 缩短器。虽然这可以标准化您的在线参考文献（长度），但如果 URL 不清晰（即my.fancy.long.url提供的价值比 更高f.akeurl/1h3ial），普通纸质读者从在线标识中获益不大。

有关此主题的更多信息和讨论（使用上面建议的类似技术），请参阅URL：一些实用建议。