更好的粘贴命令

Question 1

假设您的文件中没有任何制表符，

paste file1 file2 | expand -t 13

适当选择arg-t来覆盖 file1 中所需的最大行宽。

OP添加了更灵活的解决方案：

我这样做是为了在没有神奇数字 13 的情况下它也能工作：

paste file1 file2 | expand -t $(( $(wc -L <file1) + 2 ))

它不容易输入，但可以在脚本中使用。

Answer

假设您的文件中没有任何制表符，

paste file1 file2 | expand -t 13

适当选择arg-t来覆盖 file1 中所需的最大行宽。

OP添加了更灵活的解决方案：

我这样做是为了在没有神奇数字 13 的情况下它也能工作：

paste file1 file2 | expand -t $(( $(wc -L <file1) + 2 ))

它不容易输入，但可以在脚本中使用。

Question 2

我认为 awk 可能做得很好，所以我在谷歌上搜索“awk Reading input from two files”并发现stackoverflow 上的一篇文章用作起点。

首先是精简版，然后在下面进行完整评论。这花了几分钟才解决。我很高兴看到聪明人的一些改进。

awk '{if(length($0)>max)max=length($0)}
FNR==NR{s1[FNR]=$0;next}{s2[FNR]=$0}
END { format = "%-" max "s\t%-" max "s\n";
  numlines=(NR-FNR)>FNR?NR-FNR:FNR;
  for (i=1; i<=numlines; i++) { printf format, s1[i]?s1[i]:"", s2[i]?s2[i]:"" }
}' file1 file2

这是上述内容的完整记录版本。

# 2013-11-05 [email protected]
# Invoke thus:
#   awk -f this_file file1 file2
# The result is what you asked for and the columns will be
# determined by input file order.
#----------------------------------------------------------
# No matter which file we're reading,
# keep track of max line length for use
# in the printf format.
#
{ if ( length($0) > max ) max=length($0) }

# FNR is record number in current file
# NR is record number over all
# while they are equal, we're reading the first file
#   and we load the strings into array "s1"
#   and then go to the "next" line in the file we're reading.
FNR==NR { s1[FNR]=$0; next }

# and when they aren't, we're reading the
#   second file and we put the strings into
#   array s2
{s2[FNR]=$0}

# At the end, after all lines from both files have
# been read,
END {
  # use the max line length to create a printf format
  # the right widths
  format = "%-" max "s\t%-" max "s\n"
  # and figure the number of array elements we need
  # to cycle through in a for loop.
  numlines=(NR-FNR)>FNR?NR-FNR:FNR;
  for (i=1; i<=numlines; i++) {
     printf format, s1[i]?s1[i]:"", s2[i]?s2[i]:""
  }
}

Answer

我认为 awk 可能做得很好，所以我在谷歌上搜索“awk Reading input from two files”并发现stackoverflow 上的一篇文章用作起点。

首先是精简版，然后在下面进行完整评论。这花了几分钟才解决。我很高兴看到聪明人的一些改进。

awk '{if(length($0)>max)max=length($0)}
FNR==NR{s1[FNR]=$0;next}{s2[FNR]=$0}
END { format = "%-" max "s\t%-" max "s\n";
  numlines=(NR-FNR)>FNR?NR-FNR:FNR;
  for (i=1; i<=numlines; i++) { printf format, s1[i]?s1[i]:"", s2[i]?s2[i]:"" }
}' file1 file2

这是上述内容的完整记录版本。

# 2013-11-05 [email protected]
# Invoke thus:
#   awk -f this_file file1 file2
# The result is what you asked for and the columns will be
# determined by input file order.
#----------------------------------------------------------
# No matter which file we're reading,
# keep track of max line length for use
# in the printf format.
#
{ if ( length($0) > max ) max=length($0) }

# FNR is record number in current file
# NR is record number over all
# while they are equal, we're reading the first file
#   and we load the strings into array "s1"
#   and then go to the "next" line in the file we're reading.
FNR==NR { s1[FNR]=$0; next }

# and when they aren't, we're reading the
#   second file and we put the strings into
#   array s2
{s2[FNR]=$0}

# At the end, after all lines from both files have
# been read,
END {
  # use the max line length to create a printf format
  # the right widths
  format = "%-" max "s\t%-" max "s\n"
  # and figure the number of array elements we need
  # to cycle through in a for loop.
  numlines=(NR-FNR)>FNR?NR-FNR:FNR;
  for (i=1; i<=numlines; i++) {
     printf format, s1[i]?s1[i]:"", s2[i]?s2[i]:""
  }
}

Question 3

在 Debian 及其衍生产品上，column有一个-n 诺默盖允许列对空字段执行正确操作的选项。在内部，column使用该wcstok(wcs, delim, ptr)函数，该函数将宽字符串拆分为由delim参数中的宽字符分隔的标记。

wcstokdelim在识别标记之前，首先跳过中的宽字符。该-n选项使用的算法不会跳过delim.

不幸的是，这不是很可移植：-n是 Debian 特定的，并且column不在 POSIX 中，它显然是 BSD 的东西。

Answer

在 Debian 及其衍生产品上，column有一个-n 诺默盖允许列对空字段执行正确操作的选项。在内部，column使用该wcstok(wcs, delim, ptr)函数，该函数将宽字符串拆分为由delim参数中的宽字符分隔的标记。

wcstokdelim在识别标记之前，首先跳过中的宽字符。该-n选项使用的算法不会跳过delim.

不幸的是，这不是很可移植：-n是 Debian 特定的，并且column不在 POSIX 中，它显然是 BSD 的东西。

Question 4

取出用于填充的点：

文件1：

ETIAM
SED
MAECENAS
DONEC
SUSPENDISSE

文件2：

Lorem
Proin
Nunc
Quisque
Aenean
Nam
Vivamus
Curabitur
Nullam

尝试这个：

$ ( echo ".TS"; echo "l l."; paste file1 file2; echo ".TE" ) | tbl | nroff | more

你会得到：

ETIAM         Lorem
SED           Proin
MAECENAS      Nunc
DONEC         Quisque
SUSPENDISSE   Aenean
              Nam
              Vivamus
              Curabitur
              Nullam

Answer