tikz 矩阵对齐环境中图形周围的框

Question 1

您可以做的是在每个单元格末尾添加以下内容：

% draws a rectangle around the content of the cell, with some padding
\node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (a) {};
% add caption below frame
\path
    let \p1=(a.west),\p2=(a.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
  node [below,text width=\n1] at (a.south) {%
     \captionof{subfigure}{This is a figure showing etc.}
  };

这是假设您希望每个面板下方都有一个编号的子标题。如果您根本不想要任何编号标题，请删除\captionof{subfigure}{并关闭}。

如果你想要标题里面框架，交换\node和的顺序\path，并将标题节点放置在current bounding box.south而不是a.south。

请注意，在下面的代码中，我还建议在第二个单元格中采用不同的方式绘制图表。

两列的水平对齐方式不同似乎是由于三角形使用的坐标不同造成的。在您的代码中，左下角位于(-2.5,0)，而在我的代码中位于(0,0)。第二行的两个十字的左侧均位于 x=0。请注意，第一行的 x=0 与第二行的 x=0 对齐。

换句话说，只要对所有三角形使用相同的坐标，对齐就应该是正确的。

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subcaption} % <-- added
\usetikzlibrary{fit,calc} % <- added
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  dot/.style={circle,fill=black,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=4pt} % <-- added
]
\matrix%[draw]
{
        \coordinate(v3) at (-2.5,0);
        \node[left] at (v3) {$v_3$};
        \coordinate(v2) at (0,4.3301); 
        \node[above] at (v2) {$v_2$};
        \coordinate(v4) at (2.5,0); 
        \node[right] at (v4) {$v_4$};
        \draw[thick] (v2)--(v3)--(v4)--cycle;
        \coordinate(v5) at (0,0);
        \node[below] at (v5) {$v_5$};
        \draw[thin] (v2)--(v5);
        \coordinate(v6) at (-1.25,2.165);
        \node[left] at (v6) {$v_6$};
        \draw[thin] (v5)--(v6);
        \coordinate(v7) at (1.25,2.165);
        \node[right] at (v7) {$v_7$};
        \draw[thin] (v5)--(v7);
        \fill[black] (0,1.4433) circle (2pt) node[anchor=west] {$c_1$};
        \fill[black] (-0.833,1.443) circle (2pt) node[anchor=north] {$c_2$};
        \fill[black] (0.833,1.443) circle (2pt) node[anchor=north] {$c_3$};
        \fill[very nearly transparent] (v2)--(v4)--(v5)--cycle;

        \node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (a) {};
        \path
        let \p1=(a.west),\p2=(a.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
        node [below,text width=\n1] at (a.south) {\captionof{subfigure}{This is a figure showing etc.}};

   &

   \draw [thick] (0,0) coordinate[label=left:$v_3$] (v3)
            -- coordinate[label=below:$v_5$] (v5)
       ++(0:5) coordinate[label=right:$v_4$] (v4)
            -- coordinate[label=right:$v_7$] (v7)
     ++(120:5) coordinate[label=above:$v_2$] (v2)
            -- coordinate[label=left:$v_6$] (v6)
        cycle;
   \draw (v6) -- node[dot,pos=0.3,label=below:$c_2$] (c2) {} (v5)
              -- node[dot,pos=0.7,label=below:$c_3$] (c3) {} (v7);
   \node[dot,label=right:$c_1$] at (c2 -| v5) {};
   \draw (v2) -- (v5);
   \fill[very nearly transparent] (v2)--(v4)--(v5)--cycle;

        \node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (b) {};
        \path
        let \p1=(b.west),\p2=(b.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
        node [below,text width=\n1] at (b.south) {\captionof{subfigure}{This is also a figure showing etc.}};

   \\

 \draw (0,0) -- (3,3) (0,3) -- (3,0);

        \node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (b) {};
        \path
        let \p1=(b.west),\p2=(b.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
        node [below,text width=\n1] at (b.south) {\captionof{subfigure}{This is something else.}};


   &


 \draw (0,0) -- (3,3) (0,3) -- (3,0);

        \node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (b) {};
        \path
        let \p1=(b.west),\p2=(b.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
        node [below,text width=\n1] at (b.south) {\captionof{subfigure}{This is something else.}};

   \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Caption for the whole thing}

\end{figure}

\end{document}

或者在每个单元格中使用 atabular和 a tikzpicture，例如

\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{subcaption} % <-- added
\usetikzlibrary{fit,calc} % <- added


\newcommand\diagram{% this macro is just to make the example easier to construct, see below
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  dot/.style={circle,fill=black,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=4pt}
]
   \draw [thick] (0,0) coordinate[label=left:$v_3$] (v3)
            -- coordinate[label=below:$v_5$] (v5)
       ++(0:5) coordinate[label=right:$v_4$] (v4)
            -- coordinate[label=right:$v_7$] (v7)
     ++(120:5) coordinate[label=above:$v_2$] (v2)
            -- coordinate[label=left:$v_6$] (v6)
        cycle;
   \draw (v6) -- node[dot,pos=0.3,label=below:$c_2$] (c2) {} (v5)
              -- node[dot,pos=0.7,label=below:$c_3$] (c3) {} (v7);
   \node[dot,label=right:$c_1$] at (c2 -| v5) {};
   \draw (v2) -- (v5);
   \fill[very nearly transparent] (v2)--(v4)--(v5)--cycle;

        \node [fit=(current bounding box),draw,minimum size=6cm] (b) {};
        \path
        let \p1=(b.west),\p2=(b.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
        node [below,text width=\n1] at (b.south) {\captionof{subfigure}{This is also a figure showing etc.}};
\end{tikzpicture}}


\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
% I used a macro just for convenience, in your case put in the four
% different tikzpicture environments instead of \diagram
\diagram & \diagram \\
\diagram & \diagram 
\end{tabular}

\caption{Caption for the whole thing}

\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer

您可以做的是在每个单元格末尾添加以下内容：

% draws a rectangle around the content of the cell, with some padding
\node [fit=(current bounding box),draw] (a) {};
% add caption below frame
\path
    let \p1=(a.west),\p2=(a.east),\n1={\x2-\x1} in
  node [below,text width=\n1] at (a.south) {%
     \captionof{subfigure}{This is a figure showing etc.}
  };