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边界矩阵中的对齐

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边界矩阵中的对齐

我有一个包含分数的长方体矩阵，我想调整对齐，因为数字重叠了。我该怎么做？示例如下：

\bordermatrix{~ & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
A= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & 0 & \frac{-1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-3}{8}  \cr
B= & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-7}{8} & \frac{1}{8}  & \frac{-3}{8} \cr
C= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{-3}{8} & \frac{5}{8} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{3}{4} \cr }

它看起来像这样：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

  • 这可能不是最聪明的解决方案。
  • 我提供了一步一步的指南来说明我的方法。
  • \rule基本上，我使用仅占据垂直空间的隐形物体。
\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{~ & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
A= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & 0 & \frac{-1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-3}{8}  \cr
B= & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-7}{8} & \frac{1}{8}  & \frac{-3}{8} \cr
C= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{-3}{8} & \frac{5}{8} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{3}{4} \cr } 
\end{equation}

% taken from https://www.tug.org/~hvoss/PDF/mathmode.pdf chapter 1.5
\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 0 & 1 & 2 \cr
0 & A & B & C \cr
1 & d & e & f \cr
2 & 1 & 2 & 3 \cr
}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 0 & 1 & 2 \cr
0 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 1000 & 1000 & 1000 \cr
0 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 1000 & 1000 & 1000 \cr
0 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{1pt}{14pt} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{1pt}{14pt} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{1pt}{14pt} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 1000 & 1000 & 1000 \cr
0 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{0pt}{14pt} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{0pt}{14pt} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \rule[-4pt]{0pt}{14pt} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
A= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & 0 & \frac{-1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-3}{8} \rule[-6pt]{1pt}{18pt} \cr
B= & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-7}{8} & \frac{1}{8}  & \frac{-3}{8} \rule[-6pt]{1pt}{18pt} \cr
C= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{-3}{8} & \frac{5}{8} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{3}{4} \rule[-6pt]{1pt}{18pt} \cr 
} 
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
A= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & 0 & \frac{-1}{2} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-3}{8} \rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt} \cr
B= & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{-7}{8} & \frac{1}{8}  & \frac{-3}{8} \rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt} \cr
C= & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{8} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{1}{4} & \frac{-3}{8} & \frac{5}{8} & \frac{-1}{4} & \frac{3}{4} \rule[-6pt]{0pt}{18pt} \cr 
} 
\end{equation}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

此外，我建议使用减号大小的不可见空间来美化负分数。

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\section*{Ugly}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 0 & 1 & 2 \cr
0 & \frac{1}{-1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{-1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\section*{Nice}

\begin{equation}
\bordermatrix{%
& 0 & 1 & 2 \cr
0 & \frac{\phantom{-}1}{-1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
1 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{-1}{\phantom{-}1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
2 & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} & \frac{1}{1} \cr
}
\end{equation}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

您可以使用blkarray包作为边界矩阵，\dfrac而不是\frac稍微放大分数。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{blkarray}

\begin{document}
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2.5}
    \[
    \begin{blockarray}{r*8c}
        & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \\
    \begin{block}{r\{*8c\}}
        A= & \dfrac{1}{8} & \dfrac{1}{8} & 0 & \dfrac{-1}{2} & \dfrac{1}{4} & \dfrac{1}{4} & \dfrac{1}{8} & \dfrac{-3}{8}  \\
        B= & \dfrac{-1}{4} & \dfrac{-1}{4} & \dfrac{-1}{4} & \dfrac{1}{4} & \dfrac{1}{8} & \dfrac{-7}{8} & \dfrac{1}{8}  & \dfrac{-3}{8} \\
        C= & \dfrac{1}{8} & \dfrac{1}{8} & \dfrac{1}{4} & \dfrac{1}{4} & \dfrac{-3}{8} & \dfrac{5}{8} & \dfrac{-1}{4} & \dfrac{3}{4} \\[1ex]
    \end{block}
    \end{blockarray}
    \]
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}% to modify \arraystretch only for the above matrix
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

编辑：受 Heiko Oberdiek 的回答启发，有了一点改进：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{blkarray}
\newcommand{\myp}{\phantom{-}}

\begin{document}
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2.5}
    \[
    \begin{blockarray}{r*8c<{\hspace{2pt}}}
        & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111\\
    \begin{block}{r\{*8c<{\hspace{2pt}}\}}
        A= & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & \myp0 & -\dfrac{1}{2} & \myp\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & -\dfrac{3}{8} \\
        B= & -\dfrac{1}{4} & -\dfrac{1}{4} & -\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & -\dfrac{7}{8} & \myp\dfrac{1}{8}  & -\dfrac{3}{8} \\
        C= & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & \myp\dfrac{1}{8} & \myp\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{1}{4} & -\dfrac{3}{8} & \myp\dfrac{5}{8} & -\dfrac{1}{4} & \myp\dfrac{3}{4} \\[1ex]
    \end{block}
    \end{blockarray}
    \]
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}% to modify \arraystretch only for the above matrix
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

第二次编辑：按照 pzorba75 在其评论中的要求，以下是一个带有宏的解决方案，用于在分子\phantom{-}为正数时添加分数。

当然，可以通过测试分子和分母符号来改进，我相信一些 TeXpert 应该可以做得更好。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{blkarray}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\newcommand{\myp}{\phantom{-}}
\newcommand{\myfrac}[2]{%
    \ifthenelse{#1<0}{% numerator < 0
        -\dfrac{\the\numexpr#1*-1\relax}{#2}%
        }{% numerator >= 0
        \myp\dfrac{#1}{#2}%         
        }%
    }

\begin{document}
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2.5}
    \[
    \begin{blockarray}{r*8c<{\hspace{2pt}}}
        & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111\\
    \begin{block}{r\{*8c<{\hspace{2pt}}\}}
        A= & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myp0 & \myfrac{-1}{2} & \myfrac{1}{4} & \myfrac{1}{4} & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myfrac{-3}{8} \\
        B= & \myfrac{-1}{4} & \myfrac{-1}{4} & \myfrac{-1}{4} & \myfrac{1}{4} & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myfrac{-7}{8} & \myfrac{1}{8}  & \myfrac{-3}{8} \\
        C= & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myfrac{1}{8} & \myfrac{1}{4} & \myfrac{1}{4} & \myfrac{-3}{8} & \myfrac{5}{8} & \myfrac{-1}{4} & \myfrac{3}{4} \\[1ex]
    \end{block}
    \end{blockarray}
    \]
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}% to modify \arraystretch only for the above matrix
\end{document}

结果显然与之前相同。

答案3

以下示例展示了使用斜线符号表示“水平”分数的方法。这避免了垂直空间的问题。数字的大小不会减小。

在第二个矩阵中，正分数前面有一个减号的空格，以改善垂直对齐并提高可读性。

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\[
\bordermatrix{~ & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
  A = & 1/8 & 1/8 & 0 & -1/2 & 1/4 & 1/4 & 1/8 & -3/8  \cr
  B = & -1/4 & -1/4 & -1/4 & 1/4 & 1/8 & -7/8 & 1/8  & -3/8 \cr
  C = & 1/8 & 1/8 & 1/4 & 1/4 & -3/8 & 5/8 & -1/4 & 3/4 \cr }
\]
\[
\def\M{\hphantom{-}}
\bordermatrix{~ & 1000 & 1001 & 1010 & 1011  & 1100 & 1101 & 1110 & 1111 \cr
  A = & \M1/8 & \M1/8 & \M0 & -1/2 & \M1/4 & \M1/4 & \M1/8 & -3/8  \cr
  B = & -1/4 & -1/4 & -1/4 & \M1/4 & \M1/8 & -7/8 & \M1/8  & -3/8 \cr
  C = & \M1/8 & \M1/8 & \M1/4 & \M1/4 & -3/8 & \M5/8 & -1/4 & \M3/4 \cr }
\]
\end{document}

结果

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