更新：我检查了两个 PDF 中的字体，它们略有不同（我的 Mac 上的是 Ansi 字体，而 Overleaf 上的是 Custom 字体）：
更多信息：
$ pdffonts main_mac.pdf
name type encoding emb sub uni object ID
------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- ---------
MOHEGW+SFRM1000 Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 10 0
LMEIEC+Inconsolatazi4-Regular Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 8 0
$ pdffonts main_overleaf.pdf
name type encoding emb sub uni object ID
------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- ---------
YBPMEZ+Inconsolatazi4-Regular Type 1 Custom yes yes no 4 0
VZMLCI+SFRM1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 5 0
----- 原始帖子-----：
我一直在 Mac（pdfTeX、TeX Live 2017）和 Overleaf（pdfTeX、TeX Live 2016）上处理一份文档。在我的 Mac 上的 PDF 中，inconsolata 字体有一个乱码 0：
我无法从日志差异中找出问题出在我这边。以下是产生上述输出的测试文档：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{inconsolata}
\begin{document}
\Huge{\texttt{0123456789}}
\end{document}
以下是两个日志的差异：
$ diff main.log main_overleaf.log
1c1
< This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.18 (TeX Live 2017) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2017.5.23) 28 DEC 2017 11:18
---
> This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2017.12.15) 28 DEC 2017 19:20
3c3,4
< restricted \write18 enabled.
---
> \write18 enabled.
> file:line:error style messages enabled.
7,8c8,9
< LaTeX2e <2017-04-15>
< Babel <3.10> and hyphenation patterns for 84 language(s) loaded.
---
> LaTeX2e <2016/03/31> patch level 3
> Babel <3.9r> and hyphenation patterns for 83 language(s) loaded.
32c33
< File: utf8.def 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
---
> File: utf8.def 2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
39c40
< File: t1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
---
> File: t1enc.dfu 2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
251,252d251
< defining Unicode char U+0232 (decimal 562)
< defining Unicode char U+0233 (decimal 563)
273,274d271
< defining Unicode char U+1E20 (decimal 7712)
< defining Unicode char U+1E21 (decimal 7713)
280c277
< File: ot1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
---
> File: ot1enc.dfu 2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
321c318
< File: omsenc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
---
> File: omsenc.dfu 2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
345c342
< Package: fontenc 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX package
---
> Package: fontenc 2016/06/19 v1.99m Standard LaTeX package
348c345
< File: t1enc.def 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX file
---
> File: t1enc.def 2016/06/19 v1.99m Standard LaTeX file
352c349
< Package: inconsolata 2017/01/04 v1.112
---
> Package: inconsolata 2016/02/22 v1.10
354c351
< `inconsolata-zi4' v1.112, 2017/01/04 Text macros for Inconsolata (msharpe)
---
> `inconsolata-zi4' v1.10, 2016/02/22 Text macros for Inconsolata (msharpe)
356c353
< Package: textcomp 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX package
---
> Package: textcomp 2016/06/19 v1.99m Standard LaTeX package
376c373
< File: ts1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
---
> File: ts1enc.dfu 2016/02/28 v1.1s UTF-8 support for inputenc
511,523c508,510
< (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/xkeyval/xkeyval.sty
< Package: xkeyval 2014/12/03 v2.7a package option processing (HA)
<
< (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/xkeyval.tex
< (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/xkvutils.tex
< \XKV@toks=\toks16
< \XKV@tempa@toks=\toks17
<
< (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/keyval.tex))
< \XKV@depth=\count87
< File: xkeyval.tex 2014/12/03 v2.7a key=value parser (HA)
< ))
< \zifour@ocount=\count88
---
> (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty
> Package: keyval 2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
> \KV@toks@=\toks16
525c512,513
< (./main.aux)
---
> \zifour@ocount=\count87
> ) (./main.aux)
542c530,531
< (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd
---
>
> (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd
554,558c543,544
< File: t1zi4.fd 2016/12/29 T1/zi4 (Inconsolata)
< )
< LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `T1/zi4/m/n' will be
< (Font) scaled to size 24.88pt on input line 6.
< [1
---
> File: t1zi4.fd 2014/06/22 T1/zi4 (Inconsolata)
> ) [1
560,561c546
< {/usr/share/texlive/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./main
< .aux) )
---
> {/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./main.aux) )
563,566c548,551
< 1552 strings out of 492995
< 19131 string characters out of 6132704
< 65466 words of memory out of 5000000
< 5132 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
---
> 1320 strings out of 493013
> 15201 string characters out of 6135681
> 60163 words of memory out of 5000000
> 4900 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
569,575c554,560
< 27i,4n,19p,174b,119s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
< {/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-t1
< .enc}{/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/inconsolata/i4-t1-0.en
< c}</usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/inconsolata/Inconsolat
< a-zi4r.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm
< 1000.pfb>
< Output written on main.pdf (1 page, 16112 bytes).
---
> 25i,4n,19p,173b,119s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
> {/usr/share/
> texmf/fonts/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-t1.enc}{/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/f
> onts/enc/dvips/inconsolata/i4-t1-0.enc}</usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/typ
> e1/public/inconsolata/Inconsolata-zi4r.pfb></usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/public
> /cm-super/sfrm1000.pfb>
> Output written on main.pdf (1 page, 12755 bytes).
latexmk mainps 我使用或得到相同的输出latexmk main && dvipdf main.dvi
答案1
我无法使用最新的 TL2017（MacTeX）看到它，用作\listfiles 第一行来比较位于日志文件末尾的列表：
*File List*
article.cls 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
size10.clo 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
inputenc.sty 2015/03/17 v1.2c Input encoding file
utf8.def 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
t1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
ot1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
omsenc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
fontenc.sty
t1enc.def 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX file
inconsolata.sty 2017/01/04 v1.112
textcomp.sty 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX package
ts1enc.def 2001/06/05 v3.0e (jk/car/fm) Standard LaTeX file
ts1enc.dfu 2017/01/28 v1.1t UTF-8 support for inputenc
xkeyval.sty 2014/12/03 v2.7a package option processing (HA)
xkeyval.tex 2014/12/03 v2.7a key=value parser (HA)
ts1cmr.fd 2014/09/29 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions
upquote.sty 2012/04/19 v1.3 upright-quote and grave-accent glyphs in verbat
im
t1zi4.fd 2016/12/29 T1/zi4 (Inconsolata)