在不适合纸张宽度的表格中呈现 CSV 数据

Question

我必须从 CSV 数据生成多个表格，这些表格长达几百页甚至更多。因此，我需要某种自动化功能来实现这一点。

请注意以下几点：

1. 每行数据有两个主要部分，第一列是某种名称，其余列是数据。
2. CSV 数据中的列数因表而异。但单个表中的列数是固定的。
3. 数据是在软件应用程序中自动生成的。表中的行数是可变的，并且可能跨越多页。因此，我需要使用longtable。
4. 主类别下有可变数量的列。也就是说，每个类别下的子类别数量是不固定的。
5. 由于生成这些数据的应用程序也是本地的（自建的），因此数据格式可以定制（在一定程度上）。
6. 表格中的行数因表格而异，并且可能（垂直）超过一页。
7. 当表格水平分割时，必须重复一些最左边的列。

CSV 文件看起来将会像这样。

Name,4:Category 1,3:Category 2,6:Category 3,8:Category 4,5:Category 5,7:Category 6
Sub-category,Sc11,Sc12,Sc13,Sc14,Sc21,Sc22,Sc23,Sc31,Sc32,Sc33,Sc34,Sc35,Sc36,Sc41,Sc42,Sc43,Sc44,Sc45,Sc46,Sc47,Sc48,Sc51,Sc52,Sc53,Sc54,Sc55,Sc61,Sc62,Sc63,Sc64,Sc65,Sc66,Sc67
Name 1,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67
Name 2,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67

每个数字，米前面的Category n表示该类别下的子类别数。例如，4:Category 1 表示 下有 4 个子类别Category 1。

虽然上面的内容或多或少是纯的CSV 输入，在每一行周围放置某种预定义的宏命令，以及在整个表周围放置环境也是可能的。因此，一个表的输入可能如下所示：

\begin{csvwidetable}{1}
  \csvwidetableheader{Name,4:Category 1,3:Category 2,6:Category 3,8:Category 4,5:Category 5,7:Category 6}
  \csvwidetablescheader{Sub-category,Sc11,Sc12,Sc13,Sc14,Sc21,Sc22,Sc23,Sc31,Sc32,Sc33,Sc34,Sc35,Sc36,Sc41,Sc42,Sc43,Sc44,Sc45,Sc46,Sc47,Sc48,Sc51,Sc52,Sc53,Sc54,Sc55,Sc61,Sc62,Sc63,Sc64,Sc65,Sc66,Sc67}
  \csvwidetablerow{Name 1,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67}
  \csvwidetablerow{Name 2,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67}
\end{csvwidetable}

这里的1环境参数表明最左边的 1 列必须重复。

请参阅下面的代码，我相信它应该能够解释我想要实现的效果。

\begin{document}

\newlength{\ncw}
\setlength{\ncw}{10.00mm}


If we resort to putting each row of CSV in a single row of the table,
it will not fit. Moreover, we will need to find a way to put those
headers like `Category 1` over multiple columns.

\begin{longtable}[l]{|l|*{33}{C{\ncw}|}}
  \hline
  Name&\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Category 1}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Category 2}&\multicolumn{6}{c|}{Category 3}&\multicolumn{8}{|c|}{Category 4}&\multicolumn{5}{c|}{Category 5}&\multicolumn{7}{c|}{Category 6}\\\hline
  Sub-category&Sc11&Sc12&Sc13&Sc14&Sc21&Sc22&Sc23&Sc31&Sc32&Sc33&Sc34&Sc35&Sc36&Sc41&Sc42&Sc43&Sc44&Sc45&Sc46&Sc47&Sc48&Sc51&Sc52&Sc53&Sc54&Sc55&Sc61&Sc62&Sc63&Sc64&Sc65&Sc66&Sc67\\\hline
  \endhead
  \hline
  \endfoot
  Name 1&11&12&13&14&21&22&23&31&32&33&34&35&36&41&42&43&44&45&46&47&48&51&52&53&54&55&61&62&63&64&65&66&67\\\hline
  Name 2&11&12&13&14&21&22&23&31&32&33&34&35&36&41&42&43&44&45&46&47&48&51&52&53&54&55&61&62&63&64&65&66&67\\
\end{longtable}

As of this moment, we employ some  pre-fixed heuristics in the
application to break columns at  convenient points. We need to
repeat the left column. See below for examples.

In this table, I can accommodate up to Category 3.

\begin{longtable}[l]{|l|*{13}{C{\ncw}|}}
  \hline
    Name&\multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Category 1}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Category 2}&\multicolumn{6}{c|}{Category 3}\\\hline
  Sub-category&Sc11&Sc12&Sc13&Sc14&Sc21&Sc22&Sc23&Sc31&Sc32&Sc33&Sc34&Sc35&Sc36\\\hline
  \endhead
  \hline
  \endfoot
  Name 1&11&12&13&14&21&22&23&31&32&33&34&35&36\\\hline
  Name 2&11&12&13&14&21&22&23&31&32&33&34&35&36\\
\end{longtable}

The rest (Category 4--Category 6) goes in this table.

\begin{longtable}[l]{|l|*{20}{C{\ncw}|}}
  \hline
    Name&\multicolumn{8}{|c|}{Category 4}&\multicolumn{5}{c|}{Category 5}&\multicolumn{7}{c|}{Category 6}\\\hline
  Sub-category&Sc41&Sc42&Sc43&Sc44&Sc45&Sc46&Sc47&Sc48&Sc51&Sc52&Sc53&Sc54&Sc55&Sc61&Sc62&Sc63&Sc64&Sc65&Sc66&Sc67\\\hline
  \endhead
  \hline
  \endfoot
  Name 1&41&42&43&44&45&46&47&48&51&52&53&54&55&61&62&63&64&65&66&67\\\hline
  Name 2&41&42&43&44&45&46&47&48&51&52&53&54&55&61&62&63&64&65&66&67\\
\end{longtable}

\end{document}

这是上述代码的输出。

因此，我们试图实现的是从 CSV 数据生成长表，当宽度超过文本宽度时在方便的列处分列（而不在任何列的中间分列Category n），并且（可选）重复一些最左边的列。

（请忽略垂直线的问题。我知道表格中的垂直线在这个论坛上并没有引起太大的反响。）

Answer 1

这是一个可能的解决方案。它使用datatooltk从 CSV 文件中分离出第一行。datatooltk在 LaTeX 之前运行或使用 运行 LaTeX -shell-escape。（选项 需要 1.8 版本--csv-skiplines。）

假设：

1. 第一列（Name）没有子类别，并且始终出现在每个表块的开头。
2. 行数未超出页面高度。（如果出现这种情况，请替换tabular为longtable。）

梅威瑟：

\documentclass{article}    

\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}       
\usepackage{datatool}       

\immediate\write18{datatooltk --name datablocks --csv testdata.csv --nocsv-header --truncate 1 -o datablocks.dbtex}
\immediate\write18{datatooltk --name data --csv testdata.csv --csv-header --csv-skiplines 1 -o data.dbtex}

\DTLloaddbtex{\datablocks}{datablocks.dbtex}
\DTLloaddbtex{\data}{data.dbtex}

% split <n>:header

\def\parseblockheader#1:#2\endparseblock{%
 \def\blockspan{#1}%
 \def\blockheader{#2}%
}

\newcount\blockidx
\newcount\colidx

% First column is the name, which is a special case.

\blockidx=1

\DTLgetvalue{\currentvalue}{\datablocks}{1}{\blockidx}
\cslet{blockheader\number\blockidx}{\currentvalue}
\csdef{blockrange\number\blockidx}{1}
\csdef{blockspan\number\blockidx}{1}

\colidx=1

\loop
  \advance\blockidx by 1\relax
  \ifnum\blockidx>\DTLcolumncount\datablocks
  \else
    \DTLgetvalue{\currentvalue}{\datablocks}{1}{\blockidx}%
    \ifdefempty\currentvalue
    {% empty columns caused by discrepancy between column count on
     % line 1 of CSV being less than column count of remaining lines
      \edef\totalblocks{\number\numexpr\blockidx-1}%
     % break loop
      \blockidx=\DTLcolumncount{\datablocks}%
    }%
    {%
      \expandafter\parseblockheader\currentvalue\endparseblock
      \cslet{blockheader\number\blockidx}{\blockheader}%
      \cslet{blockspan\number\blockidx}{\blockspan}%
      \edef\endrange{\number\numexpr\colidx+\blockspan}%
      \global\advance\colidx by 1\relax
      \csedef{blockrange\number\blockidx}{\number\numexpr\colidx}%
      {%
        \loop
          \global\advance\colidx by 1
          \csxappto{blockrange\number\blockidx}{,\number\numexpr\colidx}%
        \ifnum\colidx<\endrange
        \repeat
      }%
    }%
  \fi
\ifnum\blockidx<\DTLcolumncount{\datablocks}
\repeat

\makeatletter
% iterate over columns in given block
\newcommand*{\forblock}[2]{%
 \letcs{\rangelist}{blockrange\number#1}%
 \@for\thiscol:=\rangelist\do{#2}%
}

% iterate over columns in given table
\newcommand*{\fortableblock}[2]{%
 \letcs{\blockrangelist}{blocktablecolspan\number#1}%
 \@for\thiscol:=\blockrangelist\do{#2}%
}

% iterate over blocks in given table
\newcommand*{\fortableblockrange}[2]{%
 \letcs{\blockrangelist}{blocktablerange\number#1}%
 \@for\thisblock:=\blockrangelist\do{#2}%
}
\makeatother

% find maximum widths (including \tabcolsep)

\newcommand*{\defandsetlength}[2]{%
  \global\newlength{#1}%
  \global\setlength{#1}{#2}%
}

\newcount\rowidx

% in case header needs to use a different font:
\newcommand{\headerfont}[1]{#1}

\newcommand{\computeblockwidths}{%
% compute header widths
  \dtlforeachkey(\thiskey,\thiscol,\thistype,\thisheader)\in\data\do
  {%
    \settowidth{\dimen0}{\headerfont\thisheader}%
    \dimen0=\dimexpr\dimen0+2\tabcolsep\relax
    \expandafter\defandsetlength
      \csname columnwidth\number\thiscol\endcsname{\dimen0}%
    % save header
    \cslet{columnheader\number\thiscol}{\thisheader}%
  }%
  \loop
    \advance\rowidx by 1\relax
    {%
      \blockidx = 0\relax
      \loop
       \advance\blockidx by 1\relax
       \forblock{\blockidx}{%
         \DTLgetvalue{\currentvalue}{\data}{\rowidx}{\thiscol}%
         \settowidth{\dimen0}{\currentvalue}%
         \dimen0=\dimexpr\dimen0+2\tabcolsep\relax
         \ifcsdef{columnwidth\number\thiscol}
         {%
           \ifnum\dimen0>\csname columnwidth\number\thiscol\endcsname
             \csname columnwidth\number\thiscol\endcsname=\dimen0
           \fi
         }%
         {%
           \expandafter\defandsetlength
             \csname columnwidth\number\thiscol\endcsname{\dimen0}%
         }%
       }%
      \ifnum\blockidx<\totalblocks
      \repeat
    }%
  \ifnum\rowidx<\DTLrowcount{\data}
  \repeat
  % compute block widths
  \blockidx=0
  \loop
   \advance\blockidx by 1\relax
   \expandafter\newlength\csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname
   \forblock{\blockidx}{%
     \advance\csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname by
       \csname columnwidth\number\thiscol\endcsname
   }%
   % check if block headers are wider
   \settowidth{\dimen0}%
     {\headerfont{\csname blockheader\number\blockidx\endcsname}}%
   \dimen0=\dimexpr\dimen0+2\tabcolsep\relax
   \ifdim\dimen0>\csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname
     \csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname=\dimen0\relax
   \fi
  \ifnum\blockidx<\totalblocks
  \repeat
}

% create table code

\newlength\currentwidth
\newcount\currenttable
\newcount\maxtables

\newcommand{\createtable}[1]{%
  \csgdef{blocktablecolspec\number#1}{l}%
  \csxdef{blocktablecolspan\number#1}{\csuse{blockrange1}}%
  \csxdef{blocktablerange\number#1}{1}%
}

\newcommand{\dotable}{%
 \computeblockwidths
 % first column always present
 \global\currentwidth=\csname blockwidth1\endcsname
 \global\currenttable=1\relax
 \createtable{1}%
 % loop over remaining blocks
 \blockidx=1
 \loop
  \advance\blockidx by 1\relax
  \global\currentwidth=\dimexpr\currentwidth
    +\csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname\relax
  \relax
  \ifdim\currentwidth>\linewidth
    \global\currentwidth=\dimexpr\csname blockwidth1\endcsname
      +\csname blockwidth\number\blockidx\endcsname\relax
    \global\advance\currenttable by 1\relax
    \createtable\currenttable
  \fi
  \csgappto{blocktablecolspec\number\currenttable}{|}%
  {%
    \colidx=0
    \loop
      \advance\colidx by 1\relax
      \csgappto{blocktablecolspec\number\currenttable}{l}%
    \ifnum\colidx<\csname blockspan\number\blockidx\endcsname
    \repeat
  }%
  \csxappto{blocktablecolspan\number\currenttable}%
    {,\csuse{blockrange\number\blockidx}}%
  \csxappto{blocktablerange\number\currenttable}{,\number\blockidx}%
 \ifnum\blockidx<\totalblocks
 \repeat
 % save table count
 \maxtables=\currenttable
 % create table code
 \currenttable=0\relax
 \loop
  \advance\currenttable by 1\relax
  % tabular setup
  \def\currenttablecode{\begin{tabular}}%
  \eappto\currenttablecode{%
   {|\csname blocktablecolspec\number\currenttable\endcsname|}%
   \noexpand\hline}%
  % block headers
  \fortableblockrange{\currenttable}{%
    \ifnum\thisblock>1
     \appto\currenttablecode{&}%
    \fi
    \eappto\currenttablecode{%
     \noexpand\multicolumn
     {\csname blockspan\number\thisblock\endcsname}
     {|c|}%
     {%
       \noexpand\headerfont{%
          \expandonce{\csname blockheader\number\thisblock\endcsname}}%
     }%
    }%
  }%
  % column sub-headers
  \appto\currenttablecode{\\}%
  \fortableblock{\currenttable}{%
    % get header
    \letcs{\thisheader}{columnheader\number\thiscol}%
    \ifnum\thiscol>1
     \appto\currenttablecode{&}%
    \fi
    \eappto\currenttablecode{\noexpand\headerfont{\expandonce\thisheader}}%
  }%
  % table body
  {%
   \rowidx=0
   \loop
     \advance\rowidx by 1\relax
     \gappto\currenttablecode{\\\hline}%
     \fortableblock{\currenttable}{%
       \DTLgetvalue{\currentvalue}{\data}{\rowidx}{\thiscol}%
       \ifnum\thiscol>1
         \gappto\currenttablecode{&}%
       \fi
       \xappto\currenttablecode{\expandonce\currentvalue}%
     }%
   \ifnum\rowidx<\DTLrowcount{\data}
   \repeat
  }%
  % tabular end
  \appto\currenttablecode{\\\hline\end{tabular}}%
  % do table
  \bigskip\par\noindent\currenttablecode
 \ifnum\currenttable<\maxtables
 \repeat
}

\begin{document} 

\dotable

\end{document}

结果：

Answer 2

这是一个部分解决方案，因为它不能自动构建标题，但我认为它可能很有用，因为至少您不必重新输入数据。

如果您设法在 .csv 的第一行之前 放置一个#或一个，您可以尝试以下操作：%

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}

\usepackage[legalpaper,landscape,left=25.0mm,right=25.0mm]{geometry}

\parindent 0.0mm

\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.14} 
\usepackage{filecontents}

% The following code lines are added only to create myfile.csv. Of course, you don't need them in your code
\begin{filecontents*}{myfile.csv}
    #Name,4:Category 1,3:Category 2,6:Category 3,8:Category 4,5:Category 5,7:Category 6
    Sub-category,Sc11,Sc12,Sc13,Sc14,Sc21,Sc22,Sc23,Sc31,Sc32,Sc33,Sc34,Sc35,Sc36,Sc41,Sc42,Sc43,Sc44,Sc45,Sc46,Sc47,Sc48,Sc51,Sc52,Sc53,Sc54,Sc55,Sc61,Sc62,Sc63,Sc64,Sc65,Sc66,Sc67
    Name 1,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67
    Name 2,11,12,13,14,21,22,23,31,32,33,34,35,36,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,61,62,63,64,65,66,67
\end{filecontents*}
% end code to create myfile.csv

\begin{document}

    \newlength{\ncw}
    \setlength{\ncw}{10.00mm}

    \pgfplotstableread[col sep=comma]{myfile.csv}{\mytable}

    \pgfplotstabletypeset[
        begin table={\begin{longtable}},
        begin table/.add={}{[l]},
        every head row/.append style={before row={%
                \hline
                Name&\multicolumn{4}{c|}{Category 1}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{Category 2}&\multicolumn{6}{c|}{Category 3}\\
                \hline
                \endhead
            },
        },      
        after row=\hline,       
        end table={\end{longtable}},
        every first column/.style={column type={|l|}},
        every column/.style={column type={C{\ncw}|}},
        columns={[index]0,[index]1,[index]2,[index]3,[index]4,[index]5,
            [index]6,[index]7,[index]8,[index]9,[index]10,[index]11,
            [index]12,[index]13},
        string type
        ]{\mytable}

    \pgfplotstabletypeset[
        begin table={\begin{longtable}},
        begin table/.add={}{[l]},
        every head row/.append style={before row={%
                \hline
                 Name&\multicolumn{8}{|c|}{Category 4}&\multicolumn{5}{c|}{Category 5}&\multicolumn{7}{c|}{Category 6}\\
                \hline
                \endhead
            },
        },      
        after row=\hline,       
        end table={\end{longtable}},
    every first column/.style={column type={|l|}},
    every column/.style={column type={C{\ncw}|}},
    columns={[index]0,[index]14,[index]15,[index]16,[index]17,[index]18,
        [index]19,[index]20,[index]21,[index]22,[index]23,[index]24,
        [index]25,[index]26,[index]27,[index]28,[index]29,[index]30,[index]31,
        [index]32,[index]33},
    string type
    ]{\mytable}
\end{document}