将 itemize 项目符号与 cventry 的第一行对齐

Question 1

您遇到的问题分为两部分。

第一部分（右边距重叠的文本）请看我对问题的回答。您可以在此处找到以下 MWE 使用的代码的解释：

\newcommand*{\mycventry}[7][.25em]{
  \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}% <=============
    {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
    {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
  \end{tabular*}%
  \ifx&#7&%
  \else{\\%
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}% <=====================================
      \small#7%
    \end{minipage}}\fi%
  \par\addvspace{#1}}

对于第二部分，即项目符号的位置，你可以使用以下行

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}

纠正项目符号的位置。因为你不知道代码后面是什么，所以使用

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}

然后恢复标准位置。

因此最好的方法是创建一个新命令\mycventrya：

\newcommand{\mycventrya}[4]{%
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item{%
    \mycventry{#1}{}{#2}{#3}{}{}
    \vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
    \begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
      #4
    \end{changemargin}
  }
  \end{itemize}
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}
}

现在您可以使用以下行添加您的信息：

\mycventrya{1963--1967}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}

使用以下 MWE

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}

\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/588/how-can-i-change-the-margins-for-only-part-of-the-text
% change margins on the fly
\def\changemargin#1#2{\list{}{\rightmargin#2\leftmargin#1}\item[]}
\let\endchangemargin=\endlist

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/392811/moderncv-extend-hrule/392894#392894
\newcommand*{\mycventry}[7][.25em]{
  \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}% <=============
    {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
    {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
  \end{tabular*}%
  \ifx&#7&%
  \else{\\%
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}% <=====================================
      \small#7%
    \end{minipage}}\fi%
  \par\addvspace{#1}}

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/351295/bullet-items-vertically-misaligned-if-moderncvstylecasual-is-used
\let\oldlbi\labelitemi
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}

\newcommand{\mycventrya}[4]{%
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item{%
    \mycventry{#1}{}{#2}{#3}{}{}
    \vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
    \begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
      #4
    \end{changemargin}
  }
  \end{itemize}
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}
}

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}


\begin{document}

\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
\begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{changemargin}
}
\end{itemize}

\vspace{5pt}
\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.
}
\end{itemize}

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}} % <=================
\begin{itemize}
\item{
\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}
}
\end{itemize}
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}} % <=================

\mycventrya{1963--1967}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.
}
\end{itemize}

\end{document}

你得到了想要的结果：

Answer

您遇到的问题分为两部分。

第一部分（右边距重叠的文本）请看我对问题的回答。您可以在此处找到以下 MWE 使用的代码的解释：

\newcommand*{\mycventry}[7][.25em]{
  \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}% <=============
    {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
    {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
  \end{tabular*}%
  \ifx&#7&%
  \else{\\%
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}% <=====================================
      \small#7%
    \end{minipage}}\fi%
  \par\addvspace{#1}}

对于第二部分，即项目符号的位置，你可以使用以下行

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}

纠正项目符号的位置。因为你不知道代码后面是什么，所以使用

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}

然后恢复标准位置。

因此最好的方法是创建一个新命令\mycventrya：

\newcommand{\mycventrya}[4]{%
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item{%
    \mycventry{#1}{}{#2}{#3}{}{}
    \vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
    \begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
      #4
    \end{changemargin}
  }
  \end{itemize}
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}
}

现在您可以使用以下行添加您的信息：

\mycventrya{1963--1967}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}

使用以下 MWE

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}

\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/588/how-can-i-change-the-margins-for-only-part-of-the-text
% change margins on the fly
\def\changemargin#1#2{\list{}{\rightmargin#2\leftmargin#1}\item[]}
\let\endchangemargin=\endlist

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/392811/moderncv-extend-hrule/392894#392894
\newcommand*{\mycventry}[7][.25em]{
  \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r}% <=============
    {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
    {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
  \end{tabular*}%
  \ifx&#7&%
  \else{\\%
    \begin{minipage}{\linewidth}% <=====================================
      \small#7%
    \end{minipage}}\fi%
  \par\addvspace{#1}}

% https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/351295/bullet-items-vertically-misaligned-if-moderncvstylecasual-is-used
\let\oldlbi\labelitemi
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}

\newcommand{\mycventrya}[4]{%
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item{%
    \mycventry{#1}{}{#2}{#3}{}{}
    \vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
    \begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
      #4
    \end{changemargin}
  }
  \end{itemize}
  \renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}}
}

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}


\begin{document}

\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-1.5\baselineskip}
\begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{changemargin}
}
\end{itemize}

\vspace{5pt}
\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.
}
\end{itemize}

\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{0.8em}{\oldlbi}} % <=================
\begin{itemize}
\item{
\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}
}
\end{itemize}
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\raisebox{.15em}{\oldlbi}} % <=================

\mycventrya{1963--1967}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.
}
\end{itemize}

\end{document}

你得到了想要的结果：

Question 2

这是你想要的吗？我已修补\cventry。

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}
\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}
\usepackage{changepage, calc}
\usepackage{enumitem, makecell}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}

\renewcommand*{\cventry}[7][.25em]{\smallskip
\begin{tabular*}{\maincolumnwidth}[t]{@{}l@{\hskip\labelsep}l @{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{}}%
 \listitemsymbol & {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
  & {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
 \end{tabular*}%
 \ifx&#7&%
 \else{\\%
 \begin{minipage}{\maincolumnwidth}%
 \small#7%
 \end{minipage}}\fi%
 \par\addvspace{#1}}
\begin{document}
\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}
Some text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text.

\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-\dimexpr\baselineskip}
\begin{adjustwidth}{\leftmargini}{2.5cm}%\dimexpr\labelsep + \tabcolsep +5.5pt
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{adjustwidth}

\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.

\end{itemize}

\end{document}

Answer

这是你想要的吗？我已修补\cventry。

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}
\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}
\usepackage{changepage, calc}
\usepackage{enumitem, makecell}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}

\renewcommand*{\cventry}[7][.25em]{\smallskip
\begin{tabular*}{\maincolumnwidth}[t]{@{}l@{\hskip\labelsep}l @{\extracolsep{\fill}}r@{}}%
 \listitemsymbol & {\bfseries #4} & {\bfseries #5}\\%
  & {\itshape #3\ifthenelse{\equal{#6}{}}{}{, #6}} & {\itshape #2}\\%
 \end{tabular*}%
 \ifx&#7&%
 \else{\\%
 \begin{minipage}{\maincolumnwidth}%
 \small#7%
 \end{minipage}}\fi%
 \par\addvspace{#1}}
\begin{document}
\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}
Some text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text. Some more text.

\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-\dimexpr\baselineskip}
\begin{adjustwidth}{\leftmargini}{2.5cm}%\dimexpr\labelsep + \tabcolsep +5.5pt
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{adjustwidth}

\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.

\end{itemize}

\end{document}

Question 3

问题（据我尝试修复它所理解）是 cventry 使年份和\cventry命令的其他项目看起来像一行项目。（没有检查代码，只是通过玩来猜测）。

真正的答案也必须修复代码中的其他问题（参见 PS），而我只是提供了一个修复，因为还没有显示任何答案。

我使用 minipages 进行了临时修复\vspace：

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}
\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}



\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/588/how-can-i-change-the-margins-for-only-part-of-the-text
% change margins on the fly
\def\changemargin#1#2{\list{}{\rightmargin#2\leftmargin#1}\item[]}
\let\endchangemargin=\endlist

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}

\begin{document}
\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}
\begin{minipage}[t]{4mm}
\begin{itemize}
\item 
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\textwidth-4mm}
\vspace{1mm}\vspace{-3.9mm}
\cventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-1.9\baselineskip}
\begin{changemargin}{0cm}{2.5cm}
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{changemargin}
\end{minipage}


\vspace{5pt}
\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}

\begin{itemize}
\item{
\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.
}
\end{itemize}

\end{document}

输出：

PS：如您所见，您的方法比垂直对齐存在更多问题，因为\cventry命令中的条目的宽度不遵循诸如缩小页面宽度 {\textwidth-4mm} 之类的变化。（您的代码中也没有）

事实上我会做这样的事情：

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,sans]{moderncv}
\moderncvstyle{banking}
\moderncvcolor{blue}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcounter{bullcount}
\newcommand\addbulletleft[1][1.15em]{\stepcounter{bullcount}\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=0,remember  picture]\coordinate(TheB\thebullcount);\end{tikzpicture}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]\node[text width=4mm] at ([xshift=-2mm,yshift=#1]TheB\thebullcount){\begin{itemize}\item\end{itemize}};\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\newcommand\bullcventry[1][1.15em]{\addbulletleft[#1]\cventry}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[scale=0.8]{geometry}
\usepackage{import}

% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/588/how-can-i-change-the-margins-for-only-part-of-the-text
% change margins on the fly
%\def\changemargin#1#2{\list{}{\rightmargin#2\leftmargin#1}\item[]}
%\let\endchangemargin=\endlist

\name{John C.}{Lilly}
\address{On board research vessel \textit{Lusitania}}{}{}

\begin{document}

\makecvtitle

\section{Academic Qualifications}
\vspace{5pt}
\bullcventry{1963--1967}{}{PhD Dolphinology}{University of Atlantis}{}{}
\vspace{-1\baselineskip}
\begin{minipage}{\dimexpr\linewidth-2cm}
Over the course of my research I became fluent in dolphin communication, developing a transcription method which I subsequently used in the writing of my thesis.
\end{minipage}


\vspace{5pt}
\section{Publications}
\vspace{5pt}


\textbf{Cetacean brains and higher-dimensional thought.}

My PhD thesis primarily outlines the contributions to the fields of multidimensional topology and geometry that can be gleaned from studying the latest discourses in dolphin mathematics.


\end{document}

输出：

这里我的缺点是左边距中有项目符号...但我更喜欢这种方式，而不是将文本放在右边。

我也喜欢这种方式，解决这个问题的下一步是……阅读代码\cventry......

Answer