这是我想要得到的图片，
下面的代码
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[inner sep = 1pt, outer sep = 3pt,
help grid/.style={blue!30},
bond/.style={thick, black},
hbond/.style={thick, red, decorate, decoration = {snake, amplitude = 1pt, segment length = 5pt}}]
% Atoms
\foreach \y in {1, 3, ..., 9} {
\foreach \x in {1, 3, ..., 11} {
\node (Hodd\x-\y) at (\x, \y){$H$};
}
\foreach \x in {2, 4, ..., 10} {
\node (O\x-\y) at (\x, \y){$O$};
}
}
\foreach \y in {2, 4, ..., 8} {
\foreach \x in {2, 4, ..., 10} {
\node (Heven\x-\y) at (\x, \y){$H$};
}
}
% Frame + grid
\foreach \x in {0.5, ..., 11.5} \draw[help grid] (\x, 0.5) -- (\x, 9.5);
\foreach \y in {0.5, ..., 9.5} \draw[help grid] (0.5, \y) -- (11.5, \y);
% bonds
\draw[bond] (Hodd1-9) -- (O2-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd3-9) -- (O4-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd5-9) -- (O4-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd7-9) -- (O6-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd9-9) -- (O8-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd11-9) -- (O10-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd1-7) -- (O2-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven2-8) -- (O2-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd3-7) -- (O2-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven4-8) -- (O4-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven4-6) -- (O4-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven6-8) -- (O6-9);
\draw[bond] (Heven8-8) -- (O8-9);
\draw[bond] (Heven10-8) -- (O10-9);
\draw[bond] (Hodd5-7) -- (O6-7);
\draw[bond] (Hodd7-7) -- (O6-7);
\draw[bond] (Hodd9-7) -- (O8-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven8-6) -- (O8-7);
\draw[bond] (Hodd11-7) -- (O10-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven10-6) -- (O10-7);
\draw[bond] (Heven10-4) -- (O10-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd11-5) -- (O10-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd9-5) -- (O8-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd7-5) -- (O8-5);
\draw[bond] (Heven6-6) -- (O6-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd5-5) -- (O6-5);
\draw[bond] (Heven4-4) -- (O4-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd3-5) -- (O4-5);
\draw[bond] (Heven2-6) -- (O2-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd1-5) -- (O2-5);
\draw[bond] (Hodd11-3) -- (O10-3);
\draw[bond] (Hodd9-3) -- (O10-3);
\draw[bond] (Heven8-4) -- (O8-3);
\draw[bond] (Hodd7-3) -- (O8-3);
\draw[bond] (Heven6-4) -- (O6-3);
\draw[bond] (Heven6-2) -- (O6-3);
\draw[bond] (Hodd5-3) -- (O4-3);
\draw[bond] (Hodd3-3) -- (O4-3);
\draw[bond] (Hodd1-3) -- (O2-3);
\draw[bond] (Heven2-4) -- (O2-3);
\draw[bond] (Heven10-2) -- (O10-1);
\draw[bond] (Heven8-2) -- (O8-1);
\draw[bond] (Heven2-2) -- (O2-1);
\draw[bond] (Heven4-2) -- (O4-1);
\draw[bond] (Heven2-2) -- (O2-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd11-1) -- (O10-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd9-1) -- (O8-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd7-1) -- (O6-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd5-1) -- (O6-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd3-1) -- (O4-1);
\draw[bond] (Hodd1-1) -- (O2-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
生产
答案1
以下示例修改了 Zarko 的第一个答案版本使其在化学上更加合理（第二个版本修复了这些问题）：
水分子 H 2 O 由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。氢不能同时与两个氧原子真正结合。但是，氢可以形成氢结合例如，水中部分带正电的氢与部分带负电的氧之间存在静电吸引力。这些吸引力以虚线标记。
最后一列被移除，以使电荷平衡。否则，顶行和底行将各带有正电荷。
水分子中两个键之间的角度是 104.5°，而不是 90°。但是，由于“网格布局”，我保留了它不变。
完整示例：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
L/.style={% L as link between atoms ?
shorten <=2mm,
shorten >=2mm,
semithick,
},
HydrogenBond/.style={
L,
densely dashed,
},
]
\matrix (m) [
matrix of nodes,
nodes in empty cells,
nodes={draw=blue!30, thin, minimum size=7mm, anchor=south},
column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
]
{
& H & & H & & H & & H & & H \\
H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & \\
H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O \\
& H & & H & & H & & H & & H \\
};
\foreach \i in {2,4,...,10}
{
\draw[L] (m-1-\i.center) -- (m-2-\i.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-\i.center) -- (m-11-\i.center);
}
\foreach \i in {2,4,...,10}
{
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ii}{int(\i-1)}
\draw[L] (m-2-\ii.center) -- (m-2-\i.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-\ii.center) -- (m-10-\i.center);
}
\foreach \i in {3,5,...,9}
{
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ii}{int(\i-1)}
\draw[HydrogenBond] (m-2-\ii.center) -- (m-2-\i.center);
\draw[HydrogenBond] (m-10-\ii.center) -- (m-10-\i.center);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
像这样？
（我不确定前两列和后两列是否也具有原子模式，如果有，那么如何组织）。
使用tikz库matrix代码相对简单：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
L/.style = {% L as link between atoms ?
shorten <=2mm, shorten >=2mm, semithick}
]
\matrix (m) [matrix of nodes,
nodes in empty cells,
nodes={draw=blue!30, thin, minimum size=7mm, anchor=south},
column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
row sep=-\pgflinewidth
]
{
& H & & H & & H & & H & & H & \\
H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
& & & & & & & & & & \\
H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H & O & H \\
& H & & H & & H & & H & & H & \\
};
\foreach \i in {2,4,...,8}
{
\draw[L] (m-1-\i.center) -- (m-2-\i.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-\i.center) -- (m-11-\i.center);
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ii}{int(\i-1)}
\draw[L] (m-2-\ii.center) -- (m-2-\i.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-\ii.center) -- (m-10-\i.center);
}
\draw[L] (m-1-9.center) -- (m-2-9.center);
\draw[L] (m-2-9.center) -- (m-3-9.center);
\draw[L] (m-1-10.center) -- (m-2-10.center);
\draw[L] (m-2-10.center) -- (m-2-11.center);
%
\draw[L] (m-9-9.center) -- (m-10-9.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-9.center) -- (m-11-9.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-10.center) -- (m-11-10.center);
\draw[L] (m-10-10.center) -- (m-10-11.center);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
对于第一列和最后两列的原子模式来说，这个代码的扩展并不困难。