目录标题与后续条目之间的垂直间距

Question

我只想将目录标题（“目录”）和以下条目（“1 科学简介”）之间的垂直空间减少一半。对于“图片列表”和“表格列表”也类似

这是 MWE。谢谢

\documentclass[12pt,onecolumn]{book}
\usepackage[a4paper, top=4cm,bottom=2.5cm,right=2.5cm,left=4cm]{geometry}      % Easily set margins
\usepackage[toc,title,page]{appendix}                 % Configure appendix formatting
\usepackage{tocloft}                  

\begin{document}

\tableofcontents
\clearpage   
\chapter{Intro to Science }
\section{A}
\section{B}

\chapter{Intro to Math }
\section{A}
\section{B}
\end{document}

Answer 1

\vspace快速而粗略：向目录中添加否定词：

\documentclass[12pt,onecolumn]{book}
\usepackage[a4paper, top=4cm,bottom=2.5cm,right=2.5cm,left=4cm]{geometry}      % Easily set margins
\usepackage[toc,title,page]{appendix}                 % Configure appendix formatting
\usepackage{tocloft}                  


\begin{document}

\tableofcontents
\addtocontents{toc}{\vspace*{-7ex}}%
\clearpage   
\chapter{Intro to Science }
\section{A}
\section{B}

\chapter{Intro to Math }
\section{A}
\section{B}
\end{document}