使用 tikzpicture 修复 documentclass{standalone}？

Question

我创建了一个脚本，可以生成如下张量的 3D 可视化效果：

\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture} 
        \def\x{2}
    \def\y{2}
    \def\z{3}
    \def\yscale{0.850000}
    \def\zslant{1.000000}
    \def\xlab{x}
    \def\ylab{y}
    \def\zlab{z}
    \def\gridcol{black!80}
    \def\shadecolA{white}
    \def\shadecolB{black!20}
    \tikzset{
        grid matrix/.style={
            nodes in empty cells,
            matrix of nodes,
            column sep=-\pgflinewidth, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
            nodes={
                rectangle,
                draw=gray,
                minimum height=1cm,
                anchor=center,
                align=center,
                text width=1cm,
                text height=2ex,
                text depth=0.5ex,
                inner sep=0pt,
                outer sep=0pt,
            }
        },
        grid matrix/.default=1.2em
    }

    \begin{scope}

    % top matrix
    \begin{scope}[transform canvas={xslant=\zslant, yscale=\yscale, shift={(-0.5*\z, 0.5 * \x)}, },transform shape]
    \draw[color=black, thick, ] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \x) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \x);
    \shade[bottom color=\shadecolA, top color=\shadecolB] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \x) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \x);

    \matrix (top) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=none]| 4 & |[fill=none]| 8 & |[fill=none]| 12 \\
        |[fill=none]| 2 & |[fill=none]| 4 & |[fill=green]| 6 \\
    };
    \node [above, rotate=90, text width=\x * 1cm, align=center] at (top.west) {\xlab};
    \end{scope}

    % front matrix
    \begin{scope}[shift={(-0.5*\z, -0.5 * \y)}]
    \draw[color=black, thick, fill=\shadecolA] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \y);
    %\shade[left color=gray!10, right color=black!60] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \y);

    \matrix (front) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=none]| 1 & |[fill=none]| 2 & |[fill=green]| 3 \\
        |[fill=red]| 1 & |[fill=red]| 2 & |[fill=red]| 3 \\
    };
    \node [below, text width=\z * 1cm, align=center] at (front.south) {\zlab};
    \node [above, rotate=90, text width=\y * 1cm, align=center] at (front.west) {\ylab};
    \end{scope}

    % side matrix
    \begin{scope}[transform canvas={yslant=1/\zslant, xscale=\yscale*\zslant, shift={(0.5*\x,-0.5*\y)}, },transform shape]
    \draw[color=black, thick] (-0.5* \x,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \x, 0.5* \y);
    \shade[left color=\shadecolA, right color=\shadecolB] (-0.5* \x,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \x, 0.5* \y);

    \matrix (side) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=green]| 1 & |[fill=none]| 2 \\
        |[fill=red]| 3 & |[fill=red]| 4 \\
    };
    \end{scope}
    \end{scope}

    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

但我想重复利用这个图形，并将其与其他图形组合起来。因此，我尝试将其更改\documentclass{minimal}为\documentclass{standalone}。

结果：

我该如何修复这个问题并将长方体裁剪为正确的尺寸？

Answer 1

transform canvas使用时，将倾斜矩阵推出图片边界框。可能的解决方案是在transform canvas立方体的右上角定义（不带）一个辅助空节点：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=0mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \def\x{2}
    \def\y{2}
    \def\z{3}
    \def\yscale{0.850000}
    \def\zslant{1.000000}
    \def\xlab{x}
    \def\ylab{y}
    \def\zlab{z}
    \def\gridcol{black!80}
    \def\shadecolA{white}
    \def\shadecolB{black!20}
    \tikzset{
        grid matrix/.style={
            nodes in empty cells,
            matrix of nodes,
            column sep=-\pgflinewidth, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
            nodes={
                rectangle,
                draw=gray,
                minimum height=1cm,
                anchor=center,
                align=center,
                text width=1cm,
                text height=2ex,
                text depth=0.5ex,
                inner sep=0pt,
                outer sep=0pt,
            }
        },
        grid matrix/.default=1.2em
    }

    \node[coordinate,above=4\z,right=4\x,label={}] {};% <--- new node
    \begin{scope}
    % top matrix
    \begin{scope}[transform canvas={xslant=\zslant, yscale=\yscale, shift={(-0.5*\z, 0.5 * \x)}, },transform shape]
    \draw[color=black, thick, ] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \x) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \x);
    \shade[bottom color=\shadecolA, top color=\shadecolB] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \x) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \x);

    \matrix (top) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=none]| 4 & |[fill=none]| 8 & |[fill=none]| 12 \\
        |[fill=none]| 2 & |[fill=none]| 4 & |[fill=green]| 6 \\
    };
    \node [above, rotate=90, text width=\x * 1cm, align=center] at (top.west) {\xlab};
    \end{scope}

    % front matrix
    \begin{scope}[shift={(-0.5*\z, -0.5 * \y)}]
    \draw[color=black, thick, fill=\shadecolA] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \y);
    %\shade[left color=gray!10, right color=black!60] (-0.5* \z,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \z, 0.5* \y);

    \matrix (front) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=none]| 1 & |[fill=none]| 2 & |[fill=green]| 3 \\
        |[fill=red]| 1 & |[fill=red]| 2 & |[fill=red]| 3 \\
    };
    \node [below, text width=\z * 1cm, align=center] at (front.south) {\zlab};
    \node [above, rotate=90, text width=\y * 1cm, align=center] at (front.west) {\ylab};
    \end{scope}

    % side matrix
    \begin{scope}[transform canvas={yslant=1/\zslant, xscale=\yscale*\zslant, shift={(0.5*\x,-0.5*\y)}, },transform shape]
    \draw[color=black, thick] (-0.5* \x,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \x, 0.5* \y);
    \shade[left color=\shadecolA, right color=\shadecolB] (-0.5* \x,-0.5* \y) rectangle (0.5* \x, 0.5* \y);

    \matrix (side) [grid matrix]{
        |[fill=green]| 1 & |[fill=none]| 2 \\
        |[fill=red]| 3 & |[fill=red]| 4 \\
    };
    \end{scope}
    \end{scope}

    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}