我正在尝试让一个非常大的矩阵居中。我知道它太大了，无法放入边距内，但我仍然希望它保持当前大小。如下图所示，矩阵仅与右边距重叠，我希望它水平居中并对称地超出两个边距（例如，如果它超出右边距 1 厘米，那么它也应该超出左边距 1 厘米）。
如果可能的话，我希望解决方案array中包含环境，或者至少包含另一个环境，让我能够在矩阵内绘制水平和垂直线，如下所示：
我的源代码：
\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{book}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb, amsfonts}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\newcommand {\arraystretchdefaultl} {1.3}
\newcommand{\arraystretchdefault}{ \renewcommand {\arraystretch} {\arraystretchdefaultl} }
\arraystretchdefault
\usepackage[showframe = true]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\left[
\begin{array}{c}
V_{i} \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
0
\end{array}
\right]
%
=
%
\left[
\begin{array}{c c!{\vrule width 0.25mm} c c}
& Z_{orig} & & col. \medspace k - col. \medspace p \\ \Xcline{1-4}{0.25mm}
& row. \medspace k - row. \medspace p & & Z_{th,kp}+Z_{b}\\
\end{array}
\right]
%
\left[
\begin{array}{c}
I_{i} \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
I_{q}
\end{array}
\right]
\end{equation}
\begin{adjustbox}{width=1\textwidth, center}
\begin{minipage}{1\textwidth}
%
\begin{equation}
%
%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\left[
\begin{array}{c}
V_{1} \\
\vdots \\
V_{l} \\
\vdots \\
V_{k} \\
\vdots \\
V_{p} \\
\vdots \\
\vdots \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
0 \\
\end{array}
\right]
=
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\left[
\begin{array}{c c c c c c c c c !{\vrule width 0.25mm}c}
& & & & & Z_{1k} & \dotsm & Z_{1p} & \dotsm & Z_{1k} - Z_{1p} \\
& & \scalebox{1}{$Z_{orig}$} & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
& & & & & Z_{lk} & \dotsm & Z_{lp} & \dotsm & Z_{lk} - Z_{lp} \\
& & & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
Z_{k1} & \dotsm & \dotsm & Z_{km} & \dotsm & Z_{kk} & \dotsm & Z_{kp} & \dotsm & Z_{kk} - Z_{kp} \\
\vdots & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
Z_{p1} & \dotsm & \dotsm & Z_{pm} & \dotsm & Z_{pk} & \dotsm & Z_{pp} & \dotsm & Z_{pk} - Z_{pp} \\
\vdots & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
\vdots & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \Xcline{1-10}{0.25mm}
Z_{k1} - Z_{p1} & \dotsm & \dotsm & Z_{km} - Z_{pm} & \dotsm & Z_{kk} - Z_{pk} & \dotsm & Z_{kp} - Z_{pp} & \dotsm & Z_{th, kp} + Z_{b} \\
\end{array}
\right]
\left[
\begin{array}{c}
V_{1} \\
\vdots \\
V_{l} \\
\vdots \\
V_{k} \\
\vdots \\
V_{p} \\
\vdots \\
\vdots \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
0 \\
\end{array}
\right]
%
\arraystretchdefault
%
\end{equation}
%
\end{minipage}
\end{adjustbox}
\end{document}
答案1
像这样？
为了在文本宽度的两侧溢出，我使用了adjustwidth包中的宏changepage。我重写了你的矩阵（使其更短以适应一列）并使用较小的字体。
\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{book}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell, tabularx}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\newcommand {\arraystretchdefaultl} {1.3}
\newcommand{\arraystretchdefault}{ \renewcommand {\arraystretch} {\arraystretchdefaultl} }
\arraystretchdefault
\usepackage[showframe = true]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation}
\left[\begin{array}{c}
V_{i} \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
0
\end{array}\right]
%
=
%
\left[\begin{array}{c c!{\vrule width 0.25mm} c c}
& Z_{orig} & & col. \medspace k - col. \medspace p \\ \Xcline{1-4}{0.25mm}
& row. \medspace k - row. \medspace p & & Z_{th,kp}+Z_{b}\\
\end{array}\right]
%
\left[\begin{array}{c}
I_{i} \\ \midrule[0.25mm]
I_{q}
\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-3em}{-5em}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\small
\begin{equation}
\left[\begin{array}{c}
V_{1} \\
\vdots \\
V_{l} \\
\vdots \\
V_{k} \\
\vdots \\
V_{p} \\
\vdots \\ \Xcline{1-1}{0.25mm}
0 \\
\end{array}\right]
=
\left[\begin{array}{cc cc cc cc !{\vrule width 0.25mm} c}
& & & & Z_{1k} & \dotsm & Z_{1p} & \dotsm & Z_{1k} - Z_{1p} \\
& & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
& & Z_{orig}
& & Z_{lk} & \dotsm & Z_{lp} & \dotsm & Z_{lk} - Z_{lp} \\
& & & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
Z_{k1} & \dotsm & Z_{km} & \dotsm & Z_{kk} & \dotsm & Z_{kp} & \dotsm & Z_{kk} - Z_{kp} \\
\vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\
Z_{p1} & \dotsm & Z_{pm} & \dotsm & Z_{pk} & \dotsm & Z_{pp} & \dotsm & Z_{pk} - Z_{pp} \\
\vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \Xcline{1-9}{0.25mm}
Z_{k1} - Z_{p1}
& \dotsm & Z_{km} - Z_{pm}
& \dotsm & Z_{kk} - Z_{pk}
& \dotsm & Z_{kp} - Z_{pp}
& \dotsm & Z_{th, kp} + Z_{b}
\end{array}\right]
%
\left[\begin{array}{c}
V_{1} \\
\vdots \\
V_{l} \\
\vdots \\
V_{k} \\
\vdots \\
V_{p} \\
\vdots \\ \Xcline{1-1}{0.25mm}
0 \\
\end{array}\right]
\end{equation}
\arraystretchdefault
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{document}