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如何使用圆弧和阴影功能绘制出令人惊叹的圆柱形状

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如何使用圆弧和阴影功能绘制出令人惊叹的圆柱形状

我想用 tikz 画一个圆柱体，我还没用过\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}我想用 tikz 画一个圆柱体，我在答案中回答 在这里我要完成我的图形，以虚线显示后面的弧线，我想使用\draw [dashed, red]({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0)arc (180:360:{0.31*cos(70)} and -0.3);第 152 页中指示的手册在手册中我还想使用阴影功能为圆柱体添加一些颜色，以拥有令人惊叹的圆柱形状。

\documentclass[margin=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
%\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=5,tdplot_main_coords]
\textcolor{purple}{
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1.3,0,0) node[anchor=south]{$y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1.,0) node[anchor=north west]{$x$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1.3) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
 \fill[](0,0,0) circle(0.3pt) node[left]{$O$};}
 \textcolor{blue}{\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (1.3,0,0.3) node[anchor=south]{$y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (0,1.,0.3) node[anchor=north west]{$x$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (0,0,1.6) node[anchor=south]{$z$};}

 \fill[](0,0,0.3) circle(0.3pt) node[left]{$G$};
 \draw[thick] (0,0,0) circle(0.31);
\draw[thick] (0,0,0.3) circle(0.31);
\draw[thick] (0,0,0.6) circle(0.31);
\draw[thick, dotted] ({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0.6)--({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0);
\draw[thick, dotted] ({0.31*cos(270)},{0.31*sin(270)},0.6)--({0.31*cos(270)},{0.31*sin(270)},0);
\draw [dashed, red]({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0)arc (180:360:{0.31*cos(70)} and -0.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

令人惊讶的是，令人惊叹的 pgfmanual 中已经有了令人惊叹的圆柱体。我在你的代码中添加了一个。至于关于弧的陈述我不明白……

\documentclass[margin=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,positioning,intersections,calc}
\pgfset{ % from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/138834/121799
  Cylinder end fill/.initial=,
  Cylinder body fill/.initial=,
  Cylinder end shade/.initial=,
  Cylinder body shade/.initial=}
\makeatletter
\pgfdeclareshape{Cylinder}{%
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=cylinder]%
  \inheritbackgroundpath[from=cylinder]%
  \inheritanchorborder[from=cylinder]%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{center}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{shape center}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{mid}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{mid east}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{mid west}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{base}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{base east}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{base west}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{north}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{south}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{east}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{west}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{north east}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{south west}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{south east}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{north west}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{before top}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{top}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{after top}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{before bottom}%
  \inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{bottom}\inheritanchor[from=cylinder]{after bottom}%
  \behindbackgroundpath{%
    \ifpgfcylinderusescustomfill%
      \getcylinderpoints%
      \pgf@x\xradius\relax%
      \advance\pgf@x-\outersep\relax%
      \edef\xradius{\the\pgf@x}%
      \pgf@y\yradius\relax%
      \advance\pgf@y-\outersep\relax%
      \edef\yradius{\the\pgf@y}%
      {%
        \pgftransformshift{\centerpoint}%
        \pgftransformrotate{\rotate}%
        \pgfpathmoveto{\afterbottom}%
        \pgfpatharc{90}{270}{\xradius and \yradius}%
        \pgfpathlineto{\beforetop\pgf@y-\pgf@y}%
        \pgfpatharc{270}{90}{\xradius and \yradius}%
        \pgfpathclose%
        \edef\pgf@temp{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/Cylinder body fill}}%
        \ifx\pgf@temp\pgfutil@empty
          \edef\pgf@temp{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/Cylinder body shade}}%
          \ifx\pgf@temp\pgfutil@empty
            \pgfusepath{discard}%
          \else % make shading:
            \begingroup
            \expandafter\tikzset\expandafter{\pgf@temp}
            \tikz@finish
          \fi
        \else
          \pgfsetfillcolor{\pgf@temp}%
          \pgfusepath{fill}%
        \fi
        %
        \pgfpathmoveto{\beforetop}%
        \pgfpatharc{90}{-270}{\xradius and \yradius}%
        \pgfpathclose
        \edef\pgf@temp{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/Cylinder end fill}}%
        \ifx\pgf@temp\pgfutil@empty
          \edef\pgf@temp{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/Cylinder end shade}}%
          \ifx\pgf@temp\pgfutil@empty
            \pgfusepath{discard}%
          \else % make shading: 
            \begingroup
            \expandafter\tikzset\expandafter{\pgf@temp}
            \tikz@finish
          \fi
        \else
          \pgfsetfillcolor{\pgf@temp}%
          \pgfusepath{fill}%
        \fi
      }%
    \fi
  }%
}
\makeatother
\tikzset{mycylinder/.style={shape=Cylinder, 
     cylinder uses custom fill, Cylinder end fill=blue!20,
     Cylinder body shade={left color=blue!60, right color=blue!90, middle color=blue!20},
     }
  }
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=5,tdplot_main_coords]
\begin{scope}[color=purple]
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1.3,0,0) node[anchor=south]{$y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1.,0) node[anchor=north west]{$x$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1.3) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
 \fill[](0,0,0) circle(0.3pt) node[left]{$O$};
\end{scope} 
\begin{scope}[color=blue]
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (1.3,0,0.3) node[anchor=south]{$y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (0,1.,0.3) node[anchor=north west]{$x$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0.3) -- (0,0,1.6) node[anchor=south]{$z$};
\end{scope}
 \fill[](0,0,0.3) circle(0.3pt) node[left]{$G$};
% \draw[thick, dotted] ({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0.6)--({0.31*cos(90)},{0.31*sin(90)},0);
% \draw[thick, dotted] ({0.31*cos(270)},{0.31*sin(270)},0.6)--({0.31*cos(270)},{0.31*sin(270)},0);
\begin{scope}[opacity=0.6]
\node [aspect=6.7,rotate=90,mycylinder,minimum width=3.1cm,minimum height=4.17cm] 
at (0,0,0.178){}; % 
\end{scope}
\foreach \X [count=\n] in {0,0.3,0.6}
{
\path[name path=circle] (0,0,\X) circle(0.31);
\path[name path=line] (0,0,\X) -- ++(0.4cm,0);
\path[name path=mine] (0,0,\X) -- ++(-0.4cm,0);
\path [name intersections={of=circle and mine, name=li\n, total=\t}];

\path [name intersections={of=circle and line, name=i\n, total=\t}];
\ifnum\n=3
\else
\draw[dashed](i\n-1) arc(108:288:0.31);
\draw[-](i\n-1) arc(108:-72:0.31);
\fi
}
\draw[thick] (0,0,0.6) circle(0.31);
\draw[thick,dotted] (i1-1) -- (i3-1);
\draw[thick,dotted] (li1-1) -- (li3-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

编辑：我添加了令人惊叹的阴影代码这个答案并添加了一些很棒的虚线和点线。如果有人有添加令人惊叹的 tikzduck 的绝妙想法，请告诉我。

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