我遇到了一个问题，即人口金字塔中的堆叠条形图（代码来自我如何使用 pgfplots 绘制这个人口金字塔图？非常感谢 Stefan 为我们制作了如此美丽的金字塔。这些金字塔由于位置偏移，所以看起来参差不齐。如有任何帮助，我将不胜感激。
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{
compat=1.9,
%
% create a style which is used for all the axis
% this one is especially for drawing the axis plotting the y axis
blank pyramid axis style/.style={
width=0.5*\textwidth,
height=0.5*\textheight,
scale only axis,
xbar stacked,
%
xmin=0,
xmax=5,
ymin=14,
ymax=50,
y dir=reverse,
enlarge y limits={value=0.075,upper},
%
xbar,
axis x line=left,
xtick align=outside,
%
bar width=1,
allow reversal of rel axis cs=false,
},
% this style is for the axis drawing the data
pyramid axis style/.style={
blank pyramid axis style,
ymin=14,
ymax=50,
%
% draw `xtick's as percent values
xticklabel={%
\pgfmathprintnumber\tick\%%
},
% don't draw any `ytick' values
ytick=\empty,
% % for debugging purposes draw draw data from loaded table as `ytick's
% ytick=data,
% yticklabels from table={\loadedtable}{age},
% y tick label style={
% major tick length=0pt,
% align=center,
% text width=12.5mm,
% inner sep=0pt,
% draw=red,
% text=red,
% },
% just draw a line as axis lines
axis line style={-},
%
% draw `nodes near coords' also in percentages
% set the style of `nodes near coords'
every node near coord/.append style={
font=\scriptsize,
color=black,
/pgf/number format/fixed,
},
},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread[
col sep=tab,
header=true,
]{age lman lwoman mman mwoman hman hwoman
50 31034 23744 19968 3826 5560 3867
49 17448 12879 13734 2691 3885 2573
48 21789 16543 15913 3128 4542 3248
47 16988 12459 13144 2565 3872 2645
46 19048 13341 13912 2594 4167 2791
45 33897 23894 21321 4108 6209 4547
44 19715 14056 14950 2897 4325 3123
43 20837 14950 15590 3133 4650 3310
42 29189 19906 20674 4112 5962 4323
41 19952 12609 14661 2851 4490 3086
40 53295 35099 31595 6651 8832 6864
39 27192 18446 20783 4323 5686 4361
38 40646 25967 26979 6229 7624 5977
37 31557 18065 22160 4756 6359 4713
36 39956 21525 26320 5983 7452 5461
35 60154 33949 35724 8980 9768 7907
34 41905 22634 29638 7134 8287 6163
33 43805 20790 29704 6845 8333 5724
32 60600 28374 38237 9457 10136 7258
31 46025 19242 30480 6886 8136 5601
30 99635 44314 54269 14500 13631 10544
29 68930 28348 43309 10585 10142 7338
28 106847 42360 60420 16041 13345 9748
27 101281 37334 59498 15593 12456 9024
26 121042 46855 70913 19924 14145 10990
25 141976 59230 79580 24628 14890 12636
24 147001 61908 87128 27209 15026 13418
23 155805 69375 92831 31549 14227 14244
22 180193 83689 101780 37375 14090 15438
21 178796 82867 105084 39048 12742 14811
20 192568 108878 99704 46823 10717 14585
19 181975 109625 92755 46060 6939 9411
18 179635 122976 88282 48386 5580 6578
17 145424 104193 72520 38367 3739 3187
16 127073 94726 60902 29919 2508 2076
15 77789 57930 35982 13763 1338 985
}{\loadedtable}
% add a column in the table summing up the «man» and «woman» values
% accumulatively
% with the sum of all values one can calculate the percentages of the
% values
\pgfplotstablecreatecol[
expr accum={
round(\pgfmathaccuma) + \thisrow{lman} + \thisrow{lwoman} + \thisrow{mman} + \thisrow{mwoman} + \thisrow{hman} + \thisrow{hwoman}
}{0}
]{sum}{\loadedtable}
% turn on `fpu' library when numbers are larger than 16384
\tikzset{
fpu=true,
}
% get the number of data rows of the loaded table
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\loadedtable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\LastRow}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
% now get the last entry of the «sum» column which contains the
% sum of all «man» and «woman» values
% (for whatever reason this doesn't seem to work; it is returned
% the value of the second row ...)
% \pgfplotstablegetelem{\LastRow}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
\pgfplotstablegetelem{35}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Sum}{\pgfplotsretval}
\tikzset{
fpu=false,
}
% draw woman data on the «right» axis
\begin{axis}[
pyramid axis style,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
axis y line*=left,
ytick=\empty,
name=popaxis
]
\addplot [pink,fill=pink!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{lwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [magenta,fill=magenta!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{mwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [purple,fill=purple!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{hwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
{\textcolor{magenta}{Women}};
\end{axis}
% draw man data on the «left» axis
\begin{axis}[
pyramid axis style,
%
% where should this axis be plotted
at={(popaxis.west)},
anchor=east,
% shift to the left
xshift=-12.5mm,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
x dir=reverse,
every node near coord/.append style={
anchor=east
},
axis y line*=right,
]
\addplot [blue,fill=blue!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{lman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [cyan,fill=cyan!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={(\thisrow{mman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [teal,fill=teal!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{hman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
{\textcolor{cyan}{Men}};
\end{axis}
% «dummy» axis to draw the y values
% (the extra axis is needed because it seems that the tick length cannot
% be set independently for the x and y axis)
\begin{axis}[
blank pyramid axis style,
%
% where should this axis be plotted
at={(popaxis.west)},
anchor=east,
xshift=-12.5mm,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
x dir=reverse,
axis y line*=right,
% don't draw `xtick's (they are already drawn with ticks)
xtick=\empty,
% draw `ytick's with the data from the table
ytick={15,20,...,50},
yticklabels={50,45,...,15},
% set the style of `yticklabels'
% (the labels should be plot centered between the axis;
% therefore use `align=center' and set the `text width'
% so that
y tick label style={
align=center,
inner sep=0pt,
text width=12.5mm,
},
% set ticks length to zero
major tick length=0pt,
% make axis lines invisible
axis line style={
-,
draw=none,
},
]
% add a dummy plot so that the axis ticks are drawn correctly
\addplot [draw=none,fill=none] table [
y expr =\coordindex, x expr={0},
] \loadedtable;
% % dummy nodes to check the values of `\Sum' and `\LastRow'
% \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.5,1) {\pgfmathprintnumber{\Sum}};
% \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.75,1) {\pgfmathprintnumber{\LastRow}};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
看起来有点像使用 backfired 的巧妙“技巧” enlarge y limit={value=0.075,upper}。您可以检查问题是否在注释掉此行后消失。也许最简单的解决方案是手动纠正此问题，即添加一个 n 倍于此量的人工偏移（考虑到由于而添加一半的线宽upper）。
更新：标记了更改。
\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{
compat=1.15, %<- changed the version
%
% create a style which is used for all the axis
% this one is especially for drawing the axis plotting the y axis
blank pyramid axis style/.style={
width=0.5*\textwidth,
height=0.5*\textheight,
scale only axis,
xbar stacked,
%
xmin=0,
xmax=5,
ymin=15,
ymax=50,
y dir=reverse,
enlarge y limits={value=0.075,upper}, %<- this induces a shift
%
xbar,
axis x line=left,
xtick align=outside,
%
bar width=1,
allow reversal of rel axis cs=false,
},
% this style is for the axis drawing the data
pyramid axis style/.style={
blank pyramid axis style,
ymin=14,
ymax=50,
%
% draw `xtick's as percent values
xticklabel={%
\pgfmathprintnumber\tick\%%
},
% don't draw any `ytick' values
ytick=\empty,
% % for debugging purposes draw draw data from loaded table as `ytick's
% ytick=data,
% yticklabels from table={\loadedtable}{age},
% y tick label style={
% major tick length=0pt,
% align=center,
% text width=12.5mm,
% inner sep=0pt,
% draw=red,
% text=red,
% },
% just draw a line as axis lines
axis line style={-},
%
% draw `nodes near coords' also in percentages
% set the style of `nodes near coords'
every node near coord/.append style={
font=\scriptsize,
color=black,
/pgf/number format/fixed,
},
},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotstableread[
col sep=comma,
header=true,
]{% <- I changed here to comma separation because I had problems with the original tab format
age,lman,lwoman,mman,mwoman,hman,hwoman
50,31034,23744,19968,3826,5560,3867
49,17448,12879,13734,2691,3885,2573
48,21789,16543,15913,3128,4542,3248
47,16988,12459,13144,2565,3872,2645
46,19048,13341,13912,2594,4167,2791
45,33897,23894,21321,4108,6209,4547
44,19715,14056,14950,2897,4325,3123
43,20837,14950,15590,3133,4650,3310
42,29189,19906,20674,4112,5962,4323
41,19952,12609,14661,2851,4490,3086
40,53295,35099,31595,6651,8832,6864
39,27192,18446,20783,4323,5686,4361
38,40646,25967,26979,6229,7624,5977
37,31557,18065,22160,4756,6359,4713
36,39956,21525,26320,5983,7452,5461
35,60154,33949,35724,8980,9768,7907
34,41905,22634,29638,7134,8287,6163
33,43805,20790,29704,6845,8333,5724
32,60600,28374,38237,9457,10136,7258
31,46025,19242,30480,6886,8136,5601
30,99635,44314,54269,14500,13631,10544
29,68930,28348,43309,10585,10142,7338
28,106847,42360,60420,16041,13345,9748
27,101281,37334,59498,15593,12456,9024
26,121042,46855,70913,19924,14145,10990
25,141976,59230,79580,24628,14890,12636
24,147001,61908,87128,27209,15026,13418
23,155805,69375,92831,31549,14227,14244
22,180193,83689,101780,37375,14090,15438
21,178796,82867,105084,39048,12742,14811
20,192568,108878,99704,46823,10717,14585
19,181975,109625,92755,46060,6939,9411
18,179635,122976,88282,48386,5580,6578
17,145424,104193,72520,38367,3739,3187
16,127073,94726,60902,29919,2508,2076
15,77789,57930,35982,13763,1338,985
}{\loadedtable}
% add a column in the table summing up the «man» and «woman» values
% accumulatively
% with the sum of all values one can calculate the percentages of the
% values
\pgfplotstablecreatecol[
expr accum={
round(\pgfmathaccuma) + \thisrow{lman} + \thisrow{lwoman} + \thisrow{mman} + \thisrow{mwoman} + \thisrow{hman} + \thisrow{hwoman}
}{0}
]{sum}{\loadedtable}
% turn on `fpu' library when numbers are larger than 16384
\tikzset{
fpu=true,
}
% get the number of data rows of the loaded table
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\loadedtable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\LastRow}{\pgfplotsretval-1}
% now get the last entry of the «sum» column which contains the
% sum of all «man» and «woman» values
% (for whatever reason this doesn't seem to work; it is returned
% the value of the second row ...)
% \pgfplotstablegetelem{\LastRow}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
\pgfplotstablegetelem{35}{sum}\of{\loadedtable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Sum}{\pgfplotsretval}
\tikzset{
fpu=false,
}
% draw woman data on the «right» axis
\begin{axis}[
pyramid axis style,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
axis y line*=left,
ytick=\empty,
name=popaxis
]
\addplot [pink,fill=pink!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{lwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [magenta,fill=magenta!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+14.25+0.035}, %<- adjusted
x expr={\thisrow{mwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [purple,fill=purple!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+13.5+0.07}, %<- adjusted
x expr={\thisrow{hwoman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
{\textcolor{magenta}{Women}};
\end{axis}
% draw man data on the «left» axis
\begin{axis}[
pyramid axis style,
%
% where should this axis be plotted
at={(popaxis.west)},
anchor=east,
% shift to the left
xshift=-12.5mm,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
x dir=reverse,
every node near coord/.append style={
anchor=east
},
axis y line*=right,
]
\addplot [blue,fill=blue!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+15}, x expr={\thisrow{lman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [cyan,fill=cyan!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+14.25+0.035}, %<- adjusted
x expr={(\thisrow{mman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\addplot [teal,fill=teal!50] table [
y expr ={\coordindex+13.5+0.07}, %<- adjusted
x expr={\thisrow{hman}/\Sum*100},
] \loadedtable;
\node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.25,1)
{\textcolor{cyan}{Men}};
\end{axis}
% «dummy» axis to draw the y values
% (the extra axis is needed because it seems that the tick length cannot
% be set independently for the x and y axis)
\begin{axis}[
blank pyramid axis style,
%
% where should this axis be plotted
at={(popaxis.west)},
anchor=east,
xshift=-12.5mm,
%
% add here the additional key-values which are unique to this axis
x dir=reverse,
axis y line*=right,
% don't draw `xtick's (they are already drawn with ticks)
xtick=\empty,
% draw `ytick's with the data from the table
ytick={15,20,...,50},
yticklabels={50,45,...,15},
% set the style of `yticklabels'
% (the labels should be plot centered between the axis;
% therefore use `align=center' and set the `text width'
% so that
y tick label style={
align=center,
inner sep=0pt,
text width=12.5mm,
},
% set ticks length to zero
major tick length=0pt,
% make axis lines invisible
axis line style={
-,
draw=none,
},
]
% add a dummy plot so that the axis ticks are drawn correctly
\addplot [draw=none,fill=none] table [
y expr =\coordindex, x expr={0},
] \loadedtable;
% % dummy nodes to check the values of `\Sum' and `\LastRow'
% \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.5,1) {\pgfmathprintnumber{\Sum}};
% \node [anchor=south] at (rel axis cs:0.75,1) {\pgfmathprintnumber{\LastRow}};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}