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pgfplots：对数中的 x 轴 | 防止对额外的 x 刻度进行缩放（科学计数法）

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pgfplots：对数中的 x 轴 | 防止对额外的 x 刻度进行缩放（科学计数法）
  • 我正在研究1/3 倍频程滤波器应用。
  • 我想要生成一个带有对数 x 轴的图。
  • 评论：黑色/灰色网格显示中心頻率。
  • 评论：红色网格显示角落頻率。

问题 1（主要问题）

如何避免使用科学计数法表示额外的 x 刻度（见屏幕截图）？我添加了一个线性 x 轴版本，并找到了解决方案：

xticklabel style = {
            /pgf/number format/fixed,
            /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
},
scaled x ticks = false

一种解决方法是使用 手动设置（额外的 x）标签extra x tick labels。

问题 2（小问题）——> 已解决

我怎样才能制作额外的 x 刻度的刻度标签大胆的？（\bfseries）我猜问题在于刻度数字是在数学模式下排版的。

解决了： 如何更改 pgfplots 中的字体系列？

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}

%% x axis is log
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
        width = 200mm,
        height = 60mm,
        grid = both,
        xlabel = {Frequency in Hz},
        ylabel = {SPL in dB},
        axis y line = left, 
        axis x line = middle,
        xmin = 150,
        xmax = 20000,
        xticklabel style = {
%           /pgf/number format/fixed,
%           /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
            font = \tiny\sffamily,
        },
        %scaled x ticks = false,        
        xtick = {200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000},
        extra x ticks = {180, 224, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 899, 1120, 1410, 1800, 2240, 2800, 3550, 4500, 5600, 7100, 9000, 11200, 14100, 18000, 22400},
        extra x tick style = {
            major grid style = red,
            tick align = outside,
            tick style = {red, thin},
            major tick length = 5mm,
            },      
        ymin = 0,
        ymax = 10,      
        xmode = log,
        log ticks with fixed point,
    ]        
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

%% x axis is linear
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
        width = 200mm,
        height = 60mm,
        grid = both,
        xlabel = {Frequency in Hz},
        ylabel = {SPL in dB},
        axis y line = left, 
        axis x line = middle,
        xmin = 150,
        xmax = 20000,
        xticklabel style = {
            /pgf/number format/fixed,
            /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
            font = \tiny\sffamily,
        },
        scaled x ticks = false,     
        xtick = {200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000},
        extra x ticks = {180, 224, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 899, 1120, 1410, 1800, 2240, 2800, 3550, 4500, 5600, 7100, 9000, 11200, 14100, 18000, 22400},
        extra x tick style = {
            major grid style = red,
            tick align = outside,
            tick style = {red, thin},
            major tick length = 5mm,
            },      
        ymin = 0,
        ymax = 10,      
%       xmode = log,
%       log ticks with fixed point,
    ]        
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

在此处输入图片描述

有关的

答案1

由于某些我现在想不起来的原因，额外刻度标签的默认样式会激活一种特殊的刻度格式化功能，这会让您感到困惑。

更准确地说，违规的默认设置是

/pgfplots/every extra x tick/.style={
    /pgfplots/log identify minor tick positions=true,
    /pgfplots/hide obscured x ticks=false,
},

因此，一个简单的解决方法是添加

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}

%% x axis is log
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
        width = 200mm,
        height = 60mm,
        grid = both,
        xlabel = {Frequency in Hz},
        ylabel = {SPL in dB},
        axis y line = left, 
        axis x line = middle,
        xmin = 150,
        xmax = 20000,
        xticklabel style = {
           /pgf/number format/fixed,
           /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
            font = \tiny\sffamily,
        },
        %scaled x ticks = false,        
        xtick = {200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000},
        extra x ticks = {180, 224, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 899, 1120, 1410, 1800, 2240, 2800, 3550, 4500, 5600, 7100, 9000, 11200, 14100, 18000, 22400},
        extra x tick style = {
            major grid style = red,
            tick align = outside,
            tick style = {red, thin},
            major tick length = 5mm,
            log identify minor tick positions=false,
            },      
        ymin = 0,
        ymax = 10,      
        xmode = log,
        log ticks with fixed point,
    ]        
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我想知道这是否实际上是一个错误而不是一个功能……不确定是否有人使用过它。此功能的想法是以一种特殊的方式识别对数图中的额外刻度标签，这些标签实际上是小刻度，例如“1* 10^1、2*10^1、3 * 10^1”。

答案2

我当然无法与 Christian Feuersänger 竞争，但是既然你 ping 了我，这就是我得到的。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}

%% x axis is log
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
        width = 200mm,
        height = 60mm,
        grid = both,
        xlabel = {Frequency in kHz},
        ylabel = {SPL in dB},
        axis y line = left, 
        axis x line = middle,
        xmin = 150,
        xmax = 20000,
        xticklabel style = {
%           /pgf/number format/fixed,
%           /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
            font = \tiny\sffamily,
        },
        xticklabel={\pgfmathsetmacro{\mytick}{exp(\tick-ln(1000))}
        $\mathbf{\pgfmathprintnumber[fixed,fixed
        zerofill,precision=2]{\mytick}}$},
        %scaled x ticks = false,        
        xtick = {200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000},
        extra x ticks = {180, 224, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 899, 1120, 1410, 1800, 2240, 2800, 3550, 4500, 5600, 7100, 9000, 11200, 14100, 18000, 22400},
        extra x tick style = {
            major grid style = red,
            tick align = outside,
            tick style = {red, thin},
            major tick length = 5mm,
            },      
        ymin = 0,
        ymax = 10,      
        xmode = log,
        log ticks with fixed point,
    ]        
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

%% original
%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
        width = 200mm,
        height = 60mm,
        grid = both,
        xlabel = {Frequency in Hz},
        ylabel = {SPL in dB},
        axis y line = left, 
        axis x line = middle,
        xmin = 150,
        xmax = 20000,
        xticklabel style = {
%           /pgf/number format/fixed,
%           /pgf/number format/precision = 0,
            font = \tiny\sffamily,
        },
        %scaled x ticks = false,        
        xtick = {200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000, 6300, 8000, 10000, 12500, 16000, 20000},
        extra x ticks = {180, 224, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 899, 1120, 1410, 1800, 2240, 2800, 3550, 4500, 5600, 7100, 9000, 11200, 14100, 18000, 22400},
        extra x tick style = {
            major grid style = red,
            tick align = outside,
            tick style = {red, thin},
            major tick length = 5mm,
            },      
        ymin = 0,
        ymax = 10,      
        xmode = log,
        log ticks with fixed point,
    ]        
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

正如您所见，我通过切换到 kHz 稍微作弊，否则数字会变得太大。

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