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附录

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附录 
\usepackage{tikz,pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes,arrows,shadows,patterns}
\tikzset{
 mymat/.style={
    matrix of math nodes,
    text height=2.5ex,
    text depth=0.75ex,
    text width=3.25ex,
    align=center,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth
},
mymats/.style={
    mymat,
    nodes={draw,fill=#1}
}  
}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,0) 
(mat1)
{   
     & \\
     N1 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat1,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat2)
{
     & \\
    t_2 & t_4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-1) 
(mat3)
{   
& \\
N2 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat3,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat4)
{
&  &  \\
t_1 & t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-2) 
(mat5)
{   
& \\
N3 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat5,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat6)
{
& &\\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-3) 
(mat7)
{   
    & \\
    N4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat7,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat8)
{
& \\
t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-4) 
(mat9)
{   
& \\
N5 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat9,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat10)
{
& \\
t_1 & t_3  \\
};

\matrix[mymat, anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
at (1.65,-5.5) 
(mat11)
{   
& & & \\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4\\
};
\node[ draw, red, dashed, line width=0.7pt, fit=(mat2)(mat4)(mat6)(mat8) 
(mat10)](node1){};
\begin{scope}[shorten <= -2pt]
\draw[*->]
(mat1-2-1.east) -- (mat2-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat3-2-1.east) -- (mat4-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat5-2-1.east) -- (mat6-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat7-2-1.east) -- (mat8-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat9-2-1.east) -- (mat10-2-1.west);

\end{scope}
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south west) -- (mat11.north west);
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south east) -- (mat11.north east);

\end{tikzpicture} 
\end{figure}
\end{document}

无法用绿色虚线连接 node1 和 mat11 的角。

部分代码取自这里

提供解决方案这里虽然很优雅，但对这个人物来说却不起作用。

答案1

如果我理解正确的话，我认为你的问题来自于这样一个事实：a\matrix只是 的一种特殊类型\node，并且像所有节点一样，它有一个（默认情况下非零）inner sep。你可以看到，如果你将 添加到draw的选项中mat11，这样你就有了

\matrix[mymat, draw, anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
at (1.65,-5.5) 
(mat11)
{   
& & & \\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4\\
};

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

因此，您绘制的线条指向外边界的角，而不是节点的角。

我想到两种解决方法：

  1. 画线到mat11-2-1.north west和mat11-2-4.north east而不是mat11.north west/ mat11.north east。这样线就指向矩阵内部的节点，而不是矩阵本身。

    \draw[green, dashed](node1.south west) -- (mat11-2-1.north west);
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south east) -- (mat11-2-4.north east);

    在此处输入图片描述

  2. inner sep将设置mat11为 0，但随后必须将 设置为inner sep，即默认值：nodes0.333em

    \matrix[mymat, inner sep=0, anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30,inner sep=0.333em}}]
at (1.65,-5.5) 
(mat11)
{   
& & & \\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4\\
};

    在此处输入图片描述

使用两种方法完成的代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,fit,positioning,arrows}
\tikzset{
 mymat/.style={
    matrix of math nodes,
    text height=2.5ex,
    text depth=0.75ex,
    text width=3.25ex,
    align=center,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
},
mymats/.style={
    mymat,
    nodes={draw,fill=#1}
}  
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,0) 
(mat1)
{   
     & \\
     N1 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat1,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat2)
{
     & \\
    t_2 & t_4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-1) 
(mat3)
{   
& \\
N2 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat3,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat4)
{
&  &  \\
t_1 & t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-2) 
(mat5)
{   
& \\
N3 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat5,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat6)
{
& &\\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-3) 
(mat7)
{   
    & \\
    N4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat7,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat8)
{
& \\
t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-4) 
(mat9)
{   
& \\
N5 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat9,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat10)
{
& \\
t_1 & t_3  \\
};

\matrix[mymat, inner sep=0, anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30,inner sep=0.333em}}]
at (1.65,-5.5) 
(mat11)
{   
& & & \\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4\\
};


\node[ draw, red, dashed, line width=0.7pt, fit=(mat2)(mat4)(mat6)(mat8) 
(mat10)](node1){};
\begin{scope}[shorten <= -2pt]
\draw[*->]
(mat1-2-1.east) -- (mat2-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat3-2-1.east) -- (mat4-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat5-2-1.east) -- (mat6-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat7-2-1.east) -- (mat8-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat9-2-1.east) -- (mat10-2-1.west);

\end{scope}
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south west) -- (mat11.north west);
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south east) -- (mat11.north east);

\end{tikzpicture} 

\bigskip

\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,0) 
(mat1)
{   
     & \\
     N1 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat1,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat2)
{
     & \\
    t_2 & t_4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-1) 
(mat3)
{   
& \\
N2 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat3,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat4)
{
&  &  \\
t_1 & t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-2) 
(mat5)
{   
& \\
N3 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat5,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat6)
{
& &\\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-3) 
(mat7)
{   
    & \\
    N4 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat7,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat8)
{
& \\
t_3 & t_4  \\
};
\matrix[mymat,anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes=draw}]
at (0,-4) 
(mat9)
{   
& \\
N5 \\
};

\matrix[mymat,right=of mat9,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
(mat10)
{
& \\
t_1 & t_3  \\
};


\matrix[mymat, anchor=west,row 2/.style={nodes={draw,fill=gray!30}}]
at (1.65,-5.5) 
(mat11)
{   
& & & \\
t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4\\
};

\node[ draw, red, dashed, line width=0.7pt, fit=(mat2)(mat4)(mat6)(mat8) 
(mat10)](node1){};
\begin{scope}[shorten <= -2pt]
\draw[*->]
(mat1-2-1.east) -- (mat2-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat3-2-1.east) -- (mat4-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat5-2-1.east) -- (mat6-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat7-2-1.east) -- (mat8-2-1.west);
\draw[*->]
(mat9-2-1.east) -- (mat10-2-1.west);

\end{scope}
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south west) -- (mat11-2-1.north west);
\draw[green, dashed](node1.south east) -- (mat11-2-4.north east);

\end{tikzpicture} 

\end{document}

附录

正如评论中提到的，我认为没有必要\matrix对N左侧的节点使用 。我也不明白矩阵中第一行空白的用途，似乎你添加了很多不必要的代码。这是制作图表的另一种方法。我利用库chains来创建N左侧的节点（\matrix实际上也可以使用 ）。所有东西都是相对于其他东西放置的，因此没有使用明确的坐标。为了绘制箭头，我使用了一个循环。

我使用了arrows.meta库而不是arrows，因为 TikZ 认为后者已被弃用，而前者则被青睐（请参阅版本 3.0.1a 手册第 512 页）。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,fit,positioning,chains,arrows.meta}
\tikzset{
 nodestyle/.style={ 
    text height=2.5ex,
    text depth=0.75ex,
    text width=3.25ex,
    align=center,
    draw
},
 mymat/.style={
    matrix of math nodes,
    nodes={
      nodestyle,
      fill=gray!30,
    },
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
}  
}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=1.2cm]
\begin{scope}[
  start chain=N going below,
  every node/.style={
     nodestyle,
     on chain
  },
  node distance=2mm
]    
  \node {$N1$};
  \node {$N2$};
  \node {$N3$};
  \node {$N4$};
  \node {$N5$};
\end{scope}

\matrix [mymat,right=of N-1, name=m1] {t_2 & t_4 \\ };
\matrix [mymat,right=of N-2, name=m2] {t_1 & t_3 & t_4 \\ };
\matrix [mymat,right=of N-3, name=m3] {t_1 & t_2 & t_3 \\ };
\matrix [mymat,right=of N-4, name=m4] {t_3 & t_4 \\ };
\matrix [mymat,right=of N-5, name=m5] {t_1 & t_3 \\ };


\node [draw, red, dashed, fit=(m1)(m2)(m3)(m4)(m5), name=M] {};

\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
   \draw [Circle-Latex,shorten <=-2pt] (N-\i) -- (m\i-1-1);


\matrix [mymat,below=5mm of M, name=m11] {t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4 \\ };

\draw[green, dashed](M.south west) -- (m11-1-1.north west);
\draw[green, dashed](M.south east) -- (m11-1-4.north east);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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