如果数据是从外部文件输入的，则自定义条形标题

Question

我彻底重新安排了代码，使其更短。我删除了将文件读入宏，因为x列可以动态生成，并且直接从文件中读取可以使用循环。注意，我cycle list在axis选项中设置了设置图颜色的自定义。

至于实际问题，您可以使用nodes near coords在条形图上添加数字。默认情况下，它会打印 y 值，但可以指定自定义文本。例如，使用，将打印nodes near coords={foo}单词。我使用了，其中代表循环变量。foonodes near coords={#1}#1

要沿回归线添加数字，您可以在结束的之前附加到node[pos=x,anchor=south] {#1}的末尾。对于这种情况，似乎可以正常工作。\addplot;pos=0.12

关于图例。假设你想把回归线绘制在条形图的顶部，最简单的方法似乎是不是使用\addlegendentry，而是添加

\legend{,,,,,,Hop-1,Hop-2,Hop-3,Hop-4,Hop-5,Hop-6}

逗号分隔列表中的前六个条目为空，这意味着没有为前六个\addplot条目制作图例，而这些条目就是构成条形的条目。

我还在代码中添加了一些注释，如果有任何不清楚的地方，请询问。

\RequirePackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop1}
1pkt/5sec 492
1pkt/10sec 483
1pkt/20sec 479
1pkt/30sec 420
1pkt/40sec 493
1pkt/50sec 500
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop2}
1pkt/5sec 457
1pkt/10sec 409
1pkt/20sec 440
1pkt/30sec 50
1pkt/40sec 490
1pkt/50sec 498
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop3}
1pkt/5sec 407
1pkt/10sec 438
1pkt/20sec 399
1pkt/30sec 322
1pkt/40sec 412
1pkt/50sec 497
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop4}
1pkt/5sec 63
1pkt/10sec 156
1pkt/20sec 370
1pkt/30sec 331
1pkt/40sec 357
1pkt/50sec 496
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop5}
1pkt/5sec 90
1pkt/10sec 206
1pkt/20sec 368
1pkt/30sec 323
1pkt/40sec 379
1pkt/50sec 490
\end{filecontents*}

\begin{filecontents*}{hop6}
1pkt/5sec 56
1pkt/10sec 240
1pkt/20sec 0
1pkt/30sec 324
1pkt/40sec 376
1pkt/50sec 484
\end{filecontents*}



\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable} % loads pgfplots
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.7}

\begin{document} 
\begin{figure*}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
  height=6cm, width=13.5cm,
  ybar,
  bar width=0.2cm,
  xlabel={Pkt Generation Rate},
  ylabel={Pkt Delivery Ratio},
  ymin=0, ymax=550, % I increased ymax to make room for the numbers on the bars
  symbolic x coords={1pkt/5sec,1pkt/10sec,1pkt/20sec,1pkt/30sec,1pkt/40sec,1pkt/50sec},
  xtick distance=1,
  ytick={0,100,200,300,400,500,600},
  legend style={font=\small},
  legend pos=outer north east,
  ymajorgrids=true,
  cycle list={ % set the six colors here
    {fill, draw, black!80!white},
    {fill, draw, blue!80!white},
    {fill, draw, red!80!white},
    {fill, draw, orange!80!white},
    {fill, draw, green!80!white},
    {fill, draw, cyan!80!white}
  },
  node near coords style={black,font=\footnotesize} % color and font for numbers on bars
]


\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{1,...,6}{% starts a loop
% the loop variable is represented by #1
  \addplot 
     +[nodes near coords={#1}, % adds the number above the bars
       draw=red!20!black % override the draw-color
      ] table {hop#1};

}


\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{1,...,6}{%
  \addplot 
     +[sharp plot,  % line plot
       line legend, % line legend
       line width=1pt,
      ] 
      table [
          % make the x-column
          create on use/x/.style={create col/expr={\pgfplotstablerow}},
          % do the regression
           y={create col/linear regression={x=x}}
            ] {hop#1}
         % add a node with the number (1,2,...,6)
         node[
           % this ifthenelse will set the anchor of the node to 90
           % (equivalent to north) for the fourth node), while the 
           % rest gets anchor=270 (equivalent to south). Hence the
           % fourth node is below the line, the rest are above.
           anchor={ifthenelse(#1==4,90,270)},
           % set padding between node and node border:
           inner sep=1pt,
           % set fractional distance along the lines
           % by trial and error I found that 0.12 looks OK
           % it places the numbers about halfway between the first
           % two groups of bars
           pos=0.12,
           % set font, color etc.
           font=\large
        ] {#1};

}

% add the legend entries
% by making the first six entries (which correspond to the bar plots)
% empty, you only get a legend for the regression lines
\legend{,,,,,,Hop-1,Hop-2,Hop-3,Hop-4,Hop-5,Hop-6}

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure*}
\end{document}

Answer 1