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迷失在森林里了？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-trees forest
迷失在森林里了？

我一直在修改著名的 Forest 示例：

如何在 tikz 中绘制层次图？

并学到了很多东西——我的 OverLeaf 项目位于：

https://www.overleaf.com/17438108ktrzgqwkpgtz#/66278887/

我被几件事难住了——（a）最烦人的是，我连接第 2 级和第 1 级的线走在单个第 1 级节点的前面，而不是后面。（b）不那么烦人的是，我想让所有第 2 级和第 4 级框的宽度和高度相同。这似乎应该很简单，但我还没有找到方法。

欢迎提出任何建议。我还希望发布我的 Overleaf 文件的链接是可以接受的，而不是将所有代码粘贴到这里。但是，如果我错了，请告诉我，我会将其粘贴到这里。

谢谢，

韦恩

答案1

为了努力使森林法规从使用的起点变得更短，然而，可以为森林树编写更先进、更简洁的代码，正如你在回答中看到的那样成本加运费，比我的好多了：

  • 部分基于第一版的优秀土拨鼠的回答（我太懒了，没有从背面复制操作码）
  • 对于节点使用预定义样式（其中定义矩形节点的最小宽度），现在从其他答案已知更好的解决方案......

  • 对于边缘我使用由定义的样式edge={...}

    \documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\title{The Forest Project}

\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc, shadows, shapes.geometric}

\colorlet{mygreen}{green!75!black}
\colorlet{col1in}{red!30}
\colorlet{col1out}{red!40}
\colorlet{col2in}{mygreen!40}
\colorlet{col2out}{mygreen!50}
%\colorlet{col3in}{blue!30}  % not used
%\colorlet{col3out}{blue!40}
%\colorlet{col4in}{mygreen!20}
%\colorlet{col4out}{mygreen!30}
\colorlet{col5in}{blue!10}
\colorlet{col5out}{blue!20}
%\colorlet{col6in}{blue!20}
%\colorlet{col6out}{blue!30}
%\colorlet{col7out}{orange}
%\colorlet{col7in}{orange!50}
\colorlet{col8out}{orange!40}
\colorlet{col8in}{orange!20}
\colorlet{linecol}{blue!60}

\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
  ellip/.append style={ellipse, inner color=col1in, outer color=col1out},
   rect/.append style={rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out, minimum width=2.7cm},
   circ/.append style={circle, inner color=col8in, outer color=col8out},
   diam/.append style={diamond, inner color=col5in, outer color=col5out},
  for tree={
      font=\sffamily\bfseries,
      line width=2pt,
      draw=linecol, % adds the border to all nodes
      align=center,
      child anchor=north,
      parent anchor=south,
      drop shadow,
      l sep+=12.5pt,
      s sep=0.1cm,
      edge={color=linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt},
      edge path={
        \noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
          (!u.parent anchor) -- +(0,-10pt) -|
          (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
        },
      where level={1}{
        if n<={2}{
          edge path={
            \noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
              (!u.west) -| (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
            }
        }{if n<={4}{
          edge path={
            \noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
              (!u.south) -| (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
            }
        }{
          edge path={
            \noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}]
              (!u.east) -| (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
            },
        }}
      }{},
  }
 [Full Data Set, ellip
    [Middle, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Middle, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
    [Bottom Support, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Bottom Support, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Carry, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Bottom Carry, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Other, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Bottom Other, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
      [Top, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Top, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Jungle, rect
        [CFA, circ
            [Jungle, rect
                [LR, diam]
            ]
        ]
     ]
  ]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

如果你想要简洁的代码...请谨慎对待你的愿望...

这是改编自marmot 的回答它删除了不必要的代码并使用当前的 Forest 使代码更加简洁、高效。

\documentclass[border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, shadows.blur}
\colorlet{mygreen}{green!75!black}
\colorlet{col1in}{red!30}
\colorlet{col1out}{red!40}
\colorlet{col2in}{mygreen!40}
\colorlet{col2out}{mygreen!50}
\colorlet{col5in}{blue!10}
\colorlet{col5out}{blue!20}
\colorlet{col8out}{orange!40}
\colorlet{col8in}{orange!20}
\colorlet{linecol}{blue!60}
\tikzset{% no point in making this a forest style
  rect/.append style={rounded corners=2pt, minimum width=2.7cm, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out},
} 
\forestset{
  declare toks={branch from}{parent anchor}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
  for tree={
    font=\sffamily\bfseries,
    line width=2pt,
    draw=linecol,
    align=center,
    child anchor=parent,
    parent anchor=children,
    blur shadow,
    l sep'+=12.5pt,
    s sep'=0.1cm,
    edge+={linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt},
    if={ > Ow+P {level}{isodd(#1)}}{rect}{
      if level=2{circle, inner color=col8in, outer color=col8out}{
        if level=4{diamond, inner color=col5in, outer color=col5out}{},
      },
    },
  },
  for nodewalk={1,n}{branch from=west},
  for nodewalk={l,p}{branch from=east},
  for children={edge path'/.process={Ow{branch from}{(!u.#1) -| (.child anchor)}}}
  [Full Data Set, ellipse, inner color=col1in, outer color=col1out, 
    [Middle, 
    [CFA
            [Middle
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
    [Bottom Support
        [CFA
            [Bottom Support
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Carry
        [CFA
            [Bottom Carry
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Other
        [CFA
            [Bottom Other
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
      [Top
        [CFA
            [Top
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Jungle
        [CFA
            [Jungle
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
  ]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

层次化输出

答案3

更新：@cfr 提出了几条改进代码的重要建议，我尝试实施它们。非常感谢！

至于历史：有一些拼写错误，\makebo我刚刚把它改掉了，我对你提到的两个问题有建议。首先，我添加了（假设这些是相关级别，森林从 0 开始计数）

 if level={1}{minimum width=2.7cm,rect, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out}{},
 if level={2}{circle, inner color=col8in, outer color=col8out}{},
 if level={3}{minimum width=2.7cm,rect, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out}{},
 if level={4}{diamond, inner color=col5in, outer color=col5out}{},

使第 1 层和第 3 层的节点宽度相同。这样也可以避免你一遍又一遍地写同样的东西，比如Zarko 的回答。

我的答案的一个关键部分是使最上面的连接复杂化（我不知道为什么拼写检查器会抱怨“复杂化”，这是物理学中的标准术语；-）为了解决第一个问题，请参阅代码。我基本上区分了 3 种情况而不是 2 种情况。而且，感谢 @cfr，我改用了一种让你晚上睡得更好的语法：没有\noexpand黑客，只有简单的森林代码，就像在森林库边缘中一样，我将其用作基础（但这里不需要加载）。对于左边的两个连接，我从东边开始，中间的两个从南边开始，剩下的两个从东边开始。

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\title{The Forest Project}

\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, shapes.geometric, calc, shadows.blur}

\forestset{
  declare dimen={crazy sep}{-10pt},
  crazy edge'/.style={
    edge path'={[color=linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt]
    (!u.parent anchor) -- +(0,\forestoption{crazy sep}) -|  (.child anchor)},
  },
  crazy edge/.style={
    on invalid={fake}{!parent.parent anchor=children},
    child anchor=parent,
    crazy edge',
  },
  crazy edges/.style={for nodewalk={#1}{crazy edge}},
  crazy edges/.default=tree,
}

\colorlet{mygreen}{green!75!black}
\colorlet{col1in}{red!30}
\colorlet{col1out}{red!40}
\colorlet{col2in}{mygreen!40}
\colorlet{col2out}{mygreen!50}
\colorlet{col3in}{blue!30}
\colorlet{col3out}{blue!40}
\colorlet{col4in}{mygreen!20}
\colorlet{col4out}{mygreen!30}
\colorlet{col5in}{blue!10}
\colorlet{col5out}{blue!20}
\colorlet{col6in}{blue!20}
\colorlet{col6out}{blue!30}
\colorlet{col7out}{orange}
\colorlet{col7in}{orange!50}
\colorlet{col8out}{orange!40}
\colorlet{col8in}{orange!20}
\colorlet{linecol}{blue!60}

\begin{document}
\pgfkeys{/forest,
 rect/.append style={rectangle, rounded corners=2pt, inner color=col6in, outer color=col6out},
 ellip/.append style={ellipse, inner color=col5in, outer color=col5out},
 orect/.append style={rect, font=\sffamily\bfseries\LARGE, text width=325pt, text centered, minimum height=10pt, outer color=col7out, inner color=col7in},
 oellip/.append style={ellip, inner color=col8in, outer color=col8out, font=\sffamily\bfseries\large, text centered},
} 

\begin{forest}
  for tree={
      font=\sffamily\bfseries,
      line width=2pt,
      draw=linecol, % adds the border to all boxes
      align=center,
      child anchor=north,
      parent anchor=south,
      blur shadow,
      l sep+=12.5pt,
      s sep=0.1cm,
      crazy edges,
      if level={1}{minimum width=2.7cm,rect, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out}{},
      if level={2}{circle, inner color=col8in, outer color=col8out}{},
      if level={3}{minimum width=2.7cm,rect, inner color=col2in, outer color=col2out}{},
      if level={4}{diamond, inner color=col5in, outer color=col5out}{},
      if level={1}{
        if n<={2}{
          edge path'={
            [color=linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt]
              (!u.west) -| (.child anchor)
            }
        }{if n<={4}{
          edge path'={
            [color=linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt]
              (!u.south) -| (.child anchor)
            }
        }{
          edge path'={
            [color=linecol, rounded corners=5pt, -{Stealth[length=10pt]}, line width=1pt]
              (!u.east) -| (.child anchor)
            },
        }}
      }{},
  }
 [Full Data Set, ellipse, inner color=col1in, outer color=col1out
    [Middle, 
        [CFA
            [Middle
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
    [Bottom Support
        [CFA
            [Bottom Support
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Carry
        [CFA
            [Bottom Carry
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Bottom Other
        [CFA
            [Bottom Other
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
      [Top
        [CFA
            [Top
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
     [Jungle
        [CFA
            [Jungle
                [LR]
            ]
        ]
     ]
  ]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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