如何设置 BibLaTeX 以用于“自由格式”引用

Question

biblatex实际上并不进行“自由格式”引用。biblatex（和 BibTeX）的全部要点是，您分别向其提供所有语义上有意义的信息位，以便可以根据所选参考书目和引用样式定义的方案重新组合这些信息位。

如果你能找到引用子类的通用结构，那么你也许可以想出一个方案来对它们进行分类，并将各种数据分解成方便处理的方便的小块biblatex。然后，你可以按照中所述编写自己的条目类型如何使用 BibLaTeX/Biber 创建全新的数据类型？。

这是一个残酷的黑客攻击，它稍微进一步采用了您一直使用的策略并为您提供了想要的输出。

\documentclass[british]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\usepackage[style=verbose, backend=biber]{biblatex}


\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@misc{marriage,
  shorthand = {Church of England (Derby, Derbs.), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, Smith-Bloggs (20 January 1815).},
  note      = {\ifcitation
    {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, marriage of John Smith and Jane Bloggs (20 January 1815); digital images, Ancestry.com (\url{http://ancestry.com.au}: accessed 1 July 2018), citing Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock.}
    {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England). Parish Registers. Digital images. Ancestry.com. \url{http://ancestry.com.au}: 2018.}},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\renewbibmacro*{shorthandintro}{}

\begin{document}
Lorem\footcite{marriage} ipsum\footcite{marriage}
\printbibliography
\end{document}

但如果我们这样做，我们不妨停下来，滥用字段并声明我们自己的“自由格式”引用。这是样式@freeform条目类型的首次尝试verbose。

支持bibliography在参考书目中显示字段、firstcite首次较长引文字段和cite后续引文字段。该字段sortkey可用于给出参考书目中的排序位置。

\documentclass[british]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{freeform.dbx}
\DeclareDatamodelEntrytypes{freeform}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal]{
  bibliography,
  cite,
  firstcite,
}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[freeform]{
  bibliography,
  cite,
  firstcite,
  sortkey,
}
\end{filecontents}

\usepackage[style=verbose, backend=biber, datamodel=freeform, mincrossrefs=1]{biblatex}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{freeform}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \printfield{bibliography}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{bbx:related}
    {\usebibmacro{related:init}%
     \usebibmacro{related}}
    {}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}


\renewbibmacro*{cite:full}{%
  \ifentrytype{freeform}
    {\iffieldundef{firstcite}
       {\usebibmacro{cite:short}}
       {\printfield{firstcite}}}
    {\usebibmacro{cite:full:citepages}%
     \printtext[bibhypertarget]{%
       \usedriver
         {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}}
         {\thefield{entrytype}}}%
     \usebibmacro{shorthandintro}}}

\renewbibmacro*{cite:short}{%
  \ifentrytype{freeform}
    {\printfield{cite}}
    {\printnames{labelname}%
     \setunit*{\printdelim{nametitledelim}}%
     \printtext[bibhyperlink]{%
       \printfield[citetitle]{labeltitle}}}}

\DeclareSourcemap{
  \maps[datatype=bibtex,overwrite=false]{
    \map{
      \pertype{freeform}
      \step[fieldsource=bibliography]
      \step[fieldset=sortkey, origfieldval]
    }
  }
}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@freeform{marriage,
  cite         = {Church of England (Derby, Derbs.), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, Smith-Bloggs (20 January 1815).},
  firstcite    = {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, marriage of John Smith and Jane Bloggs (20 January 1815); digital images, Ancestry.com (\url{http://ancestry.com.au}: accessed 1 July 2018), citing Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock.},
  bibliography = {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England). Parish Registers. Digital images. Ancestry.com. \url{http://ancestry.com.au}: 2018.},
  sortkey      = {Church of England, Derby, Derbyshire, England},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}


\begin{document}
Lorem\footcite{marriage} ipsum\footcite{marriage}
\printbibliography
\end{document}

如果有两个条目具有相同的内容，那么bibliography您当然会在引用中得到两次输出，这可能看起来很奇怪。如果您不想这样，您可以bibliography通过在文件中使用更复杂的结构来确保相同的内容只显示一次.bib。

@freeform{marriage:smithbloggs,
  cite         = {Church of England (Derby, Derbs.), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, Smith-Bloggs (20 January 1815).},
  firstcite    = {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England), Parish Registers, vol.\ 4, p.\ 3, marriage of John Smith and Jane Bloggs (20 January 1815); digital images, Ancestry.com (\url{http://ancestry.com.au}: accessed 1 July 2018), citing Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock.},
  options      = {skipbib},
  crossref     = {coe:derb},
}
@freeform{marriage:smothbliggs,
  cite         = {Church of England (Derby, Derbs.), Parish Registers, vol.\ 5, p.\ 1, Smoth-Bliggs (30 April 1815).},
  firstcite    = {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England), Parish Registers, vol.\ 5, p.\ 1, marriage of Jane Smoth and John Bliggs (30 April 1815); digital images, Ancestry.com (\url{http://ancestry.com.au}: accessed 1 July 2018), citing Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock.},
  options      = {skipbib},
  crossref     = {coe:derb},
}
@freeform{coe:derb,
  sortkey      = {Church of England, Derby, Derbyshire, England},
  bibliography = {Church of England (Derby, Derbyshire, England). Parish Registers. Digital images. Ancestry.com. \url{http://ancestry.com.au}: 2018.},
}

如果两个条目共享相同的内容bibliography，则可以将bibliography和sortkey字段外包到新条目中，并从带有的引文条目中引用它，以crossref = {...},确保引文条目不会出现在参考书目中options = {skipbib},。

但这里biblatex除了对首次引用和后续引用进行排序和跟踪外，实际上并没有做太多事情。这可以通过不同的方式实现。

Answer 1