调整 TikZ 布局前表格左列的列文本位置

2024-5-24 • tag-icon

tikz-pgf tables formatting

调整 TikZ 布局前表格左列的列文本位置

我正在写一些项目参考，我想创建以下布局：

现在我已经尝试过并得到了以下布局：

目前，我创建了一个表格来保留列，但我需要一种方法来将左列上的文本调整到更靠近左侧的位置，这样文本就不会刚好从左列的中间开始。我该怎么做？

我的代码：

% !TeX program = lualatex
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}

%font encoding
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Arial}
\usepackage[document]{ragged2e}
\usepackage[textwidth=160mm, textheight=240mm]{geometry} 

%language
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{lipsum}

%table format
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{float}

%Styles
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\usepackage{atbegshi}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\pagenumbering{gobble}

\definecolor{bluey}{RGB}{12,3,150}

\newcommand\Sitebar{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[lightgray]
    (current page.north west) -- ([xshift = 4cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west) -- 
    ([xshift=0cm]current page.south west) -- cycle;
    \draw [gray, line width = 1.5pt] ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

%header format
\newcommand\HeaderTwo{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[bluey]
    (current page.north west) -- (current page.north east) --
    ([yshift=0.5cm]current page.north east|-current page text area.north east) --
    ([yshift=1.5cm]current page.north west|-current page text area.north west) -- cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

% left separator
\newcommand\sepLeft{%
    \vspace{0.5cm}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
        \vspace{1cm}
        \draw [black, line width = 2pt] (-1.75,0.5) -- (3.8,0.5);
        \draw [bluey, line width = 2pt] (5.2,0.5) -- (17.5,0.5);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\begin{document}
    \Sitebar
    \HeaderTwo
    \hspace{5cm} \textbf{\Huge \color{gray} Projektreferenzen}\\
    %separator
    \sepLeft
    \begin{table}[H]
        \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ p{4cm} p{0.2cm} p{10cm}}
            Very Very long text to see how big this tabular actually is && \lipsum[1]
        \end{tabularx}
    \end{table}

\end{document}

答案1

使用时tabularx至少有一列必须是类型X。

\begin{tabularx}\linewidth{p{4cm}p{.2cm}p{10cm}}

指示tabularx调整X类型列，以使总表格宽度为\linewidth，但不提供任何X类型列供其调整。也就是说，它同时告诉 LaTeX 表格应该是确切地14.2厘米加上相关的柱间间距。

我认为第一列或最后一列应该是X。在下面的代码中，我以这种方式设置最后一列。我还调整了一些东西以获得适合大小的适当行距，并删除了一些示例\Huge中不需要或根本不起作用的东西（例如）。\vspacetikzpicture

我改变字体只是因为我没有 Arial。

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,ngerman]{article}
%font encoding
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Noto Sans}% I don't have Arial
\usepackage[document]{ragged2e}
\usepackage[textwidth=160mm, textheight=240mm]{geometry} 
%language
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{lipsum}
%table format
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{float}
%Styles
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\pagenumbering{gobble}% this is a really bad idea

\definecolor{bluey}{RGB}{12,3,150}

\newcommand\Sitebar{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[lightgray]
    (current page.north west) -- ([xshift = 4cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west) -- 
    (current page.south west) -- cycle;
    \draw [gray, line width = 1.5pt] ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west);
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

%header format
\newcommand\HeaderTwo{%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[bluey]
    (current page.north west) -- (current page.north east) --
    ([yshift=0.5cm]current page.north east|-current page text area.north east) --
    ([yshift=1.5cm]current page.north west|-current page text area.north west) -- cycle;
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

% left separator
\newcommand\sepLeft{%
  \vspace*{0.5cm}%
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \draw [black, line width = 2pt] (-1.75,0.5) -- (3.8,0.5);
    \draw [bluey, line width = 2pt] (5.2,0.5) -- (17.5,0.5);
  \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\begin{document}
\Sitebar
\HeaderTwo
\hspace{5cm} {\bfseries\Huge\color{gray} Projektreferenzen\par}
\sepLeft % separator
\begin{table}[H]
  \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ p{4cm} p{0.2cm} X}
    Very Very long text to see how big this tabular actually is && \lipsum[1]
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}

\pagenumbering{gobble}我认为这是一个非常糟糕的想法。你确定你不想不加页码吗？显示? 为此，您可以使用\pagestyle{empty}and/or，\thispagestyle{empty}或者，如果确实有必要，重新定义\thepage为\relax或某物。

答案2

使用paracol包可以并行编写多列，甚至可以同步列之间的段落。

以下代码显示了paracol环境对您的示例的一种可能应用。geometry边距已更改为减少左右边距。命令\columnratio定义不同列之间的比例，在本例中仅定义了左列（2 列）。

% !TeX program = lualatex
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}

%font encoding
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Arial}
\usepackage[document]{ragged2e}
\usepackage[left=8mm, right=8mm, textheight=240mm]{geometry} 
\usepackage{paracol}

%language
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{lipsum}

%table format
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{float}

%Styles
%\usepackage{tikz} % <- already loaded by `tikzpagenodes`
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes} 
\usepackage{atbegshi}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
%\usepackage{xcolor} %<- already loaded by `tikz`
%\usepackage{lipsum} %<- duplicated

\pagenumbering{gobble}

\definecolor{bluey}{RGB}{12,3,150}

\newcommand\Sitebar{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[lightgray]
    (current page.north west) -- ([xshift = 4cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west) -- 
    ([xshift=0cm]current page.south west) -- cycle;
    \draw [gray, line width = 1.5pt] ([xshift=7cm]current page.north west) --
    ([xshift=7cm]current page.south west);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

%header format
\newcommand\HeaderTwo{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
    \fill[bluey]
    (current page.north west) -- (current page.north east) --
    ([yshift=0.5cm]current page.north east|-current page text area.north east) --
    ([yshift=1.5cm]current page.north west|-current page text area.north west) -- cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

% left separator
\newcommand\sepLeft{%
    \vspace{0.5cm}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
        \hspace{1.5cm}
        \draw [black, line width = 2pt] (-1.75,0.5) -- (3.8,0.5);
        \draw [bluey, line width = 2pt] (5.2,0.5) -- (17.5,0.5);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
}

\setlength{\columnsep}{12mm}
\columnratio{.3}

\begin{document}
    \Sitebar
    \HeaderTwo
\begin{paracol}{2}
\begin{rightcolumn}
\bfseries\Huge\color{gray}Projektreferenzen\par
\end{rightcolumn}
\end{paracol}
\sepLeft
\begin{paracol}{2}
\lipsum[2]
\switchcolumn
\lipsum[1]
\end{paracol}
\end{document}

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