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Minipage/subfigure 问题 - 创建一组 4x3 图形（共 12 个）

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Minipage/subfigure 问题 - 创建一组 4x3 图形（共 12 个）

我正在尝试修复 .tex 文件中一组带标题的 4 x 3 图表。我想要实现的结果如下：

在此处输入图片描述

（这是在 Word 中完成的。是的，我知道这很糟糕。）

每个小图的代码如下：

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
\draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
\end{tikzpicture}

我尝试了很多子图/小页面选项，但得到的结果却远非理想（如下）

\begin{minipage}[b]{0.3\linewidth}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
\draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}%%
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.3\linewidth}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage} 
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.3\linewidth}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{minipage}%%

在此处输入图片描述

编辑

我已经修复了定位，但尚未修复标题。有人能给我提示吗？

\newpage
\begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[H]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture} \hfill
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.36]
    \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
    \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

答案1

有点晚了...但它可能会对某些人有所帮助:-)

我会用这个pgfplots包绘制你的图表。使用它很容易定义依赖关系中的图表大小\textwidth，并保持绘制函数的域与图表大小无关。它还可以使用以下选项添加图表标题title：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=30mm]{geometry}  % define page layout

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}

%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%

    \begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \pgfplotsset{width=0.3\linewidth,  % digrams' size
                 scale only axis,
                 axis lines = middle,
                 grid,
                 grid style = {very thin, densely dashed},
                 xmin=-4.8, xmax=4.8, xtick={-4,-3,...,4}, xticklabels={},
                 ymin=-4.8, ymax=4.8, ytick={-4,-3,...,4}, yticklabels={},
                 xlabel=$x$, ylabel=$y$,
                 xlabel style = {anchor=west,  font=\footnotesize},
                 ylabel style = {anchor=south, font=\footnotesize},
                 title style = {yshift=1mm},
                 %
                 every axis plot post/.append style={very thick, color=blue!50, smooth},
                }
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^2$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^2};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^3$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^3};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\medskip
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^2$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^2};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^3$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^3};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\medskip
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^2$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^2};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^3$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^3};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\medskip
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^2$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^2};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture} \hfill
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[title={$y=x^3$}]
\addplot [domain=-4:4] {x^3};
    \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Twelve diagrams}
\label{fig:twelve}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

（红线表示页面布局）

答案2

有用吗？只需将示例图像替换为您的 tikz 代码即可

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{mwe}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
 %%%%%%%%%start of 1st row%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im1}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im2}
    \end{subfigure}
\hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im3}
    \end{subfigure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%End of 1st row %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%      
    \vskip\baselineskip
    %%%%%%%%%%%%start of 2nd row%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im4}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im5}
    \end{subfigure}
\hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
         \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im6}
    \end{subfigure}
%%%%%%%%%%%%% End of 2nd row %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    
    \vskip\baselineskip
    %%%%%%%%%%%%start of 3rd row%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im7}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
\caption{your caption}
\label{im8}
    \end{subfigure}
\hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
 \caption{your caption}
 \label{im9}
    \end{subfigure}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%End of 3rd row %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    
    \vskip\baselineskip
    %%%%%%%%%%%%start of 4th row%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}
        \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
 \caption{your caption}
 \label{im10}
    \end{subfigure}
    \hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
 \caption{your caption}
 \label{im11}
    \end{subfigure}
  \hfill
    \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth}  
        \centering
 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{example.eps}
 \caption{your caption}
 \label{im12}
    \end{subfigure}
  %%%%%%%%%%%%%End of 4th row %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    
 \end{figure*}
 \end{document}

答案3

使用@PhelypeOleinik 的提示，需要resizebox以下内容来完成基本的网格布局。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx, tikz, caption}

\begin{document}
    \begin{minipage}{.3\linewidth}
        \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
            \begin{tikzpicture}
            \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
            \end{tikzpicture}
        }
    \captionof{figure}{test}
    \end{minipage}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}{.3\linewidth}
        \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
            \begin{tikzpicture}
            \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
            \end{tikzpicture}
        }
        \captionof{figure}{test}
    \end{minipage}
    \hfill
    \begin{minipage}{.3\linewidth}
        \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
            \begin{tikzpicture}
            \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
            \end{tikzpicture}
        }
        \captionof{figure}{test}
    \end{minipage}

    \begin{minipage}{.3\linewidth}
        \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
            \begin{tikzpicture}
            \draw[help lines, color=gray!30, dashed] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (-5,0)--(5,0) node[right]{$x$};
            \draw[->,ultra thick] (0,-5)--(0,5) node[above]{$y$};...
            \end{tikzpicture}
        }
        \captionof{figure}{test}
    \end{minipage}
    \dots
\end{document}

每个都minipage使用了 30% 的可用资源linewidth。 之间的空隙minipage由 自动填充\hfill。

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