在 tikz foreach 中访问节点锚点

Question

我想绘制一些动力系统，tikz但是当我需要迭代节点名称时，会出现错误，因为当我需要处理锚点时节点名称已损坏。

我找到了多个关于访问节点的帖子foreach，例如这个但我找不到任何与锚点有关的东西。

是否有特定的方法来保护循环中的节点名称？

\documentclass[tikz,border = 1mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns,shapes.geometric,decorations.pathmorphing}
\def\bord{0.1cm}
\def\radius{.2cm}
\tikzset{
spring/.style={thick,decorate,decoration={
zigzag,
segment length = 1mm,
amplitude=0.7mm,
pre length=1mm,
post length=1mm}},
mass/.style={circle,minimum width=2*\radius,anchor=center}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1cm,y=1cm,line join=round]
% Bord gauche
\fill [pattern = north east lines] (-.3,-2) rectangle (0,.5);
\draw[thick] (0,-2) -- (0,.5);

% Right edge
\def\borddroit{8}
\fill [fill=black!30!white] (\borddroit,-2) rectangle (\borddroit+.3,.5);
\fill [pattern = north east lines] (\borddroit,-2) rectangle (\borddroit+.3,.5);
\draw[ thick] (\borddroit,-2) -- (\borddroit,.5);

% Masses
\foreach \i in {1,2,...,6}{
    \node[mass,fill=blue] (m\i) at (\i,0) {};
}
\node[mass] (m0) at (0,0) {};
\node[mass,fill=red] (m7) at (7,0) {};

% Springs
% Working plot
\draw[spring] (m0.center) -- (m1.west);

% Working \foreach without anchor
\foreach \i in {0,...,6}{
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\j}{\i+1}
    \draw[spring] (m\i) -- (m\j) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k$};
}


% Non working foreach beacause node name is broken
%\foreach \i in {0,...,6}{
%   \pgfmathsetmacro{\j}{\i+1}
%    \draw[spring] (m\i.east) -- (m\j.west) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k^{\uu}$};
%}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

• 线条

  \draw[spring] (m\i) -- (m\j) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k$};
  \draw[spring] (m\i.east) -- (m\j.west) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k^{quu}$};
  

给出相同的结果（除了节点内容，在第二种情况下未定义）。

• 反而

  \foreach \i in {0,...,6}{
     \pgfmathsetmacro{\j}{\i+1}
     \draw[spring] (m\i) -- (m\j) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k$};
  

  你可以写

  \foreach \i [count=\j from 1] in {0,...,6}{
       \draw[spring] (m\i.east) -- (m\j.west) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k^{\uu}$};
  

  因为没有定义，所以\uu它不起作用。用它替换u会得到

  \documentclass[tikz,border = 1mm]{standalone}
  \usetikzlibrary{patterns,shapes.geometric,decorations.pathmorphing}
  \def\bord{0.1cm}
  \def\radius{.2cm}
  \tikzset{
  spring/.style={thick,decorate,decoration={
  zigzag,
  segment length = 1mm,
  amplitude=0.7mm,
  pre length=1mm,
  post length=1mm}},
  mass/.style={circle,minimum width=2*\radius,anchor=center}
  }
  \begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[x=1cm,y=1cm,line join=round]
  % Bord gauche
  \fill [pattern = north east lines] (-.3,-2) rectangle (0,.5);
  \draw[thick] (0,-2) -- (0,.5);
  
  % Right edge
  \def\borddroit{8}
  \fill [fill=black!30!white] (\borddroit,-2) rectangle (\borddroit+.3,.5);
  \fill [pattern = north east lines] (\borddroit,-2) rectangle (\borddroit+.3,.5);
  \draw[ thick] (\borddroit,-2) -- (\borddroit,.5);
  
  % Masses
  \foreach \i in {1,2,...,6}{
      \node[mass,fill=blue] (m\i) at (\i,0) {};
  }
  \node[mass] (m0) at (0,0) {};
  \node[mass,fill=red] (m7) at (7,0) {};
  
  % Springs
  % Working plot
  \draw[spring] (m0.center) -- (m1.west);
  
  % Working \foreach without anchor
  \foreach \i [count=\j from 1] in {0,...,6}{
      \draw[spring] (m\i.east) -- (m\j.west) node[midway, above] (kuu\i) {$k^{u}$};
  }
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{document}
  

无关： 上面的代码（只更正了代码中的两行）可以写得稍微短一些，更简洁一些（只用一个\foreach循环）：

\documentclass[tikz,border = 3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing,
                patterns, positioning,
                quotes,
                shapes.geometric}
\def\radius{.2cm}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 5mm and 10mm,
  bord/.style = {rectangle, fill=#1, %inner sep=0pt,
                 pattern = north east lines,
                 minimum width=5mm, minimum height=25mm,
                 yshift=15mm,
                 node contents={}},
  mass/.style = {circle, minimum width=2*\radius, fill=#1},
spring/.style = {thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,
                 segment length = 1mm,
                 amplitude=0.7mm,
                 pre length=1mm, post length=1mm}
                 },
                 ]
% Bord gauche
\coordinate (m0) at (\radius,0);
\node (m00) [bord=white, below left=5mm and 0mm of m0];
\draw[thick] (m00.north east) -- (m00.south east);

% Working \foreach without anchor
\foreach \i [count=\j from 1] in {0,...,6}
{
\ifnum\j<7
    \node[mass=blue] (m\j) at (\j,0) {};
\else
    \node[mass=red] (m\j) at (\j,0) {};
\fi
\draw[spring] (m\i) to ["$k^{u}$"] (m\j) ;
}
% Right edge
\node  (m8) [bord=gray!30, below right=of m7.center];
\draw[thick] (m8.north west) -- (m8.south west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果是：