我必须画出Jean Wagemans 的《论据周期表》在 LaTeX 中。实际上，结果应该是这样的这。
我尝试使用经典化学元素周期表示例的源代码，但徒劳无功。因此，我尝试自己从头开始编写代码。我的主要问题涉及元素方块之间的对齐，它们对齐在方块中间的文本上，而不是方块本身。
这是我的 alpha 象限的输出：
事实应该是这样的：
您能帮助我获得更接近原始结果吗？这是我的源代码：
\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
% -----------------------------
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[square/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4}]
% 1 alpha FF Sig
\node at (0.2,0.2) [square, draw, anchor=south west, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50] (Sig) {\verb!Sig!};
\node at (1,0.5) [draw=blue!50] {\tiny{from sign}}; % text inside Sig
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, align=left, fill=blue!50, above of=Sig] (Cau) {\verb!Cau!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50, above of=Cau] (Ef) {\verb!Ef!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50, above of=Ef](Cor){\verb!Cor!};
% 1 alpha VF
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=green!50, right of=Sig,](Cr){\verb!Cr!};
% 1 alpha VV
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=yellow!50, right of=Cr](St){\verb!St!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=yellow!50, above of=St](Ax){\verb!Ax!};
% 1 alpha PV
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=purple!50, right of=St](Pr){\verb!Pr!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=orange!50, right of=Pr](De){\verb!De!};
% Axes
\draw [dotted,thick] (-7,0) -- (7,0);
\draw [dotted,thick] (0,-7) -- (0,7);
% The grid -- comment when ready
\draw[step=.5cm,gray,very thin] (-7,-7) grid (7,7);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
我希望保留“上方”和“右侧”功能，因为当有新版本的参数周期表时，它可以使代码更易于维护。
答案1
使用绘图结构定义的选项可以重用绘图，从而更好地控制框内文本节点的位置，并避免为每个框重复编写所有命令；然后借助定位库，您可以将下一个框放在另一个框旁边一定距离，在所有情况下均为 0，但您可以用更少的代码行完成所有绘图，只需定义与另一个框的下方、上方、右侧或左侧的距离以及如下组合：
\Arg[Box_Name][Box_desc][Box_type](below right=12pt and 0 of Another_box_name)(color)
结果：
梅威瑟：
\documentclass[tikz,border=15pt]{standalone}
\usepackage[scaled]{helvet}
\usetikzlibrary[positioning]
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
font=\sffamily
]
%Defining a drawing structure
\def\Arg[#1][#2][#3](#4)(#5){%1:Node name and label 2:description 3:type 4:position relative using positioning 5:color
\node[
line width=1pt,
draw,
#4,
fill=#5,
rectangle,
inner sep=0,
outer sep=0,
minimum size=2.5cm
](#1){};
\draw[every node/.append style={anchor=west}]
(#1.center)++(-1,0) node {\LARGE\bfseries #1}
(#1.center)++(-1,0.9) node {\scriptsize\bfseries #3}
(#1.center)++(-1,-0.3) node[anchor= north west,align=left,font=\scriptsize\bfseries\sffamily]{ #2};
}
%Start drawing the thing...
\definecolor{mycyan}{HTML}{A5C4E4}
\definecolor{mygreen}{HTML}{B2D096}
\definecolor{myyellow}{HTML}{F9DA79}
\definecolor{mypurple}{HTML}{B39BCD}
\definecolor{myorange}{HTML}{EBB58B}
\Arg[Cor][from correlation][1 pre FF]()(mycyan)
\Arg[Ef][from effect][1 pre FF](below=0 of Cor)(mycyan)
\Arg[Cau][from cause][1 pre FF](below=0 of Ef)(mycyan)
\Arg[Sig][from sign][1 pre FF](below=0 of Cau)(mycyan)
\Arg[Cr][from criterion][1 pre VF](right=0 of Sig)(mygreen)
\Arg[St][from standard][1 pre W](right=0 of Cr)(myyellow)
\Arg[Ax][from axiologic \\ argument][1 pre W](above=0 of St)(myyellow)
\Arg[Pr][from pragmatic \\ argument][1 pre PF](right=0 of St)(mypurple)
\Arg[De][from deontic \\ argument][1 pre PV](right=0 of Pr)(myorange)
\Arg[Ev][from evaluation \\ argument][1 pre PV](above=0 of De)(myorange)
%Fron the other quadrant-
\Arg[Em][from emotion][2 pre PP](below right=12pt and 0 of De)(myorange!70!red)
\draw[dash pattern=on 5.5pt off 3pt,ultra thick,black!60]
(De.south east) ++(2.5cm,-6pt) coordinate (axisX)
(Cor.north west) ++ (-6pt,0) coordinate (axisY)
(axisX -| axisY) edge (axisX) edge (axisY); % Using edges to obtain corner with dash line on.
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
您正在加载定位库，但并未使用它。一旦更改语法，它就会正常工作。更详细地说，例如above of=Sig在定位语法中必须变成above=<distance> of Sig。我承认Fato39 的评论敦促我这样做。这是我做的唯一改变。现在这里有一些更复杂的建议，其中恕我直言Max 矩阵方法可能是最方便的，紧随其后的是扎尔科的锁链，当然没有人有那么漂亮的颜色J. Leon V. Nox 有第一个答案，在看到其他人所做的事情之后，总是更容易写出更好的东西。
\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
% -----------------------------
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[square/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4}]
% 1 alpha FF Sig
\node at (0.2,0.2) [square, draw, anchor=south west, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50] (Sig) {\verb!Sig!};
\node at (1,0.5) [draw=blue!50] {\tiny{from sign}}; % text inside Sig
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, align=left, fill=blue!50, above=0pt of Sig] (Cau) {\verb!Cau!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50, above=0pt of Cau] (Ef) {\verb!Ef!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=blue!50, above=0pt of Ef](Cor){\verb!Cor!};
% 1 alpha VF
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=green!50, right=0pt of Sig,](Cr){\verb!Cr!};
% 1 alpha VV
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=yellow!50, right=0pt of Cr](St){\verb!St!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=yellow!50, above=0pt of St](Ax){\verb!Ax!};
% 1 alpha PV
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=purple!50, right=0pt of St](Pr){\verb!Pr!};
\node [square, draw, minimum size=2cm, fill=orange!50, right=0pt of Pr](De){\verb!De!};
% Axes
\draw [dotted,thick] (-7,0) -- (7,0);
\draw [dotted,thick] (0,-7) -- (0,7);
% The grid -- comment when ready
\draw[step=.5cm,gray,very thin] (-7,-7) grid (7,7);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
进一步的改进：
- 通过考虑 thr 来修正宽度
outer sep。（这实际上不是必要的。） - 使用标签放置小文本。具体来说，为此定义了样式
label A（上方）和（下方）。label B - 简化其他样式以避免不必要的重复。
- 将 设置
node distance为 ，-\pgflinewidth以使各处的边框粗细相同，同时也免去您输入 的麻烦0pt。
这是改进后的代码。
\documentclass[a4paper]{amsart}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
% -----------------------------
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[square/.style={minimum
size=2cm-2*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/outer xsep},
draw,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4},
label B/.style={label={[anchor=north west,font=\tiny\sffamily,yshift=16pt,
xshift=3pt,scale=0.75,align=left]below left:#1}},
label A/.style={label={[anchor=north,font=\tiny\sffamily,yshift=-2pt,scale=0.75]above:#1}},
blue square/.style={square,fill=blue!50,label A=1 pre FF},
yellow square/.style={square,fill=yellow!50,label A=1 pre W},
orange square/.style={square,fill=orange!50,label A=1 pre PV},
node distance=-\pgflinewidth
]
% 1 alpha FF Sig
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\node [above right= of O,blue square,label B=from sign] (Sig) {\verb!Sig!};
\node [blue square,above= of Sig,label B=from cause] (Cau) {\verb!Cau!};
\node [blue square,above= of Cau,label B=from effect] (Ef) {\verb!Ef!};
\node [blue square,above= of Ef,label B=from correlation](Cor){\verb!Cor!};
% 1 alpha VF
\node [square,fill=green!50,right= of Sig,label A=1 pre VF,label B=from
criterion](Cr){\verb!Cr!};
% 1 alpha VV
\node [yellow square,right= of Cr,label B=from standard](St){\verb!St!};
\node [yellow square,above= of St,label B=axiolic\\ argument](Ax){\verb!Ax!};
% 1 alpha PV
\node [square,fill=purple!50,right= of St,label B=pragmatic\\ argument,
label A=pre PF](Pr){\verb!Pr!};
\node [orange square,right= of Pr,label B=deontic\\ argument](De){\verb!De!};
\node [orange square,above= of De,label B=from evaluation](Ev){\verb!Ev!};
% Axes
\draw [dotted,thick] (-7,0) -- (7,0);
\draw [dotted,thick] (0,-7) -- (0,7);
% The grid -- comment when ready
\draw[step=.5cm,gray,very thin] (-7,-7) grid (7,7);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案3
虽然你已经有两个非常有用的答案，但我想展示一个（可以说）更易读的替代方案和更容易适应未来的变化。使用 Ti钾z matrix of nodes，您可以为某些列指定样式，这在这样的表格中非常方便。我添加了sub={<text>}、 和super={<text>}键来处理单元格中的额外文本。
描述表格内容的代码不再因定位设置而变得杂乱，而只是
|[sub={from correlation}]|Cor & & & & \\
|[sub={from effect}]| Ef & & & & \\
|[sub={from cause}]| Cau & & |[sub={axiologic argument}]| Ax & & |[sub={from evaluation}]| Ev \\
|[sub={from sign}]| Sig & |[sub={from criterion}]| Cr & |[sub={from standard}]| St & |[sub={pragmatic argument}]| Pr & |[sub={deontic argument}]| De \\
其结果是：
请注意，您可以用该键覆盖每个单元格上方的附加文本super=。因此默认值是为列号指定的值，但如果出于某种原因您想要为特定单元格使用不同的值，您可以简单地覆盖它。
完成 MWE：
\documentclass[tikz,margin=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[
matrix of nodes,
column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
nodes={
minimum size=2cm,
draw,
anchor=center,
fill,
text width=1.8cm,
inner sep=1mm,
font=\ttfamily\LARGE,
align=justify,
},
sub/.style={execute at end node={\bgroup\\[-0.65\baselineskip]\tiny #1\egroup}},
super/.style={execute at begin node={\bgroup\color{black}\footnotesize #1 \\[-0.15\baselineskip]\egroup}},
column 1/.style={fill=blue!50, super={1 Pre FF}},
column 2/.style={fill=green!50, super={1 Pre VF}},
column 3/.style={fill=yellow!50,super={1 Pre VV}},
column 4/.style={fill=purple!50,super={1 Pre PF}},
column 5/.style={fill=orange!50,super={1 Pre PV}},
]{
|[sub={from correlation}]|Cor & & & & \\
|[sub={from effect}]| Ef & & & & \\
|[sub={from cause}]| Cau & & |[sub={axiologic argument}]| Ax & & |[sub={from evaluation}]| Ev \\
|[sub={from sign}]| Sig & |[sub={from criterion}]| Cr & |[sub={from standard}]| St & |[sub={pragmatic argument}]| Pr & |[sub={deontic argument}]| De \\
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑
我稍微改变了样式，通过使用标签将 sub 和 sup 文本的解决方案整合在一起。感谢 marmot 和 zarko（我不确定谁是第一个）。我还没有完成所有论证，而且现在很晚了，所以可能有一些拼写错误。再编辑一次：我为添加了样式delta quadrant。我相信你一定能完成它：
\documentclass[tikz,margin=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\tikzset{
sup/.style={label={[minimum size=0,font=\scriptsize,anchor=north west,shift={(-10mm-0.5\pgflinewidth,-1.5mm)}]#1}},
sub/.style={label={[minimum size=0,font=\tiny,anchor=north west,shift={(-10mm-0.5\pgflinewidth,-12mm)}]#1}},
co1/.style={fill=blue!50},
co2/.style={fill=green!50},
co3/.style={fill=yellow!50},
co4/.style={fill=purple!50},
co5/.style={fill=orange!50},
co6/.style={fill=red!50},
my empty cell/.style={minimum size=2cm,fill=none,draw=none},
table of arguments/.style={
matrix of nodes,
column sep=-\pgflinewidth,
row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
inner sep=1mm,
nodes={
minimum size=2cm,
draw,
anchor=center,
fill,
text width=1.8cm,
font=\ttfamily\LARGE,
align=justify,
},
},
alpha quadrant/.style={
table of arguments,
name=alpha,
matrix anchor=south west,
co1/.append style={sup={1 Pre FF}},
co2/.append style={sup={1 Pre VF}},
co3/.append style={sup={1 Pre VV}},
co4/.append style={sup={1 Pre PF}},
co5/.append style={sup={1 Pre PV}},
},
beta quadrant/.style={
table of arguments,
name=beta,
matrix anchor=south east,
co1/.append style={sup={1 Sub FF}},
co3/.append style={sup={1 Sub VV}},
co4/.append style={sup={1 Sub PF}},
co6/.append style={sup={1 Sub PP}},
},
gamma quadrant/.style={
table of arguments,
name=gamma,
matrix anchor=north east,
co2/.append style={sup={2 Sub VF}},
co3/.append style={sup={2 Sub VV}},
co4/.append style={sup={2 Sub PF}},
},
delta quadrant/.style={
table of arguments,
name=delta,
matrix anchor=north west,
co2/.append style={sup={2 pre VF}},
co3/.append style={sup={2 pre VV}},
co4/.append style={sup={2 pre PF}},
co5/.append style={sup={2 pre PV}},
co6/.append style={sup={2 pre PP}},
},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix[alpha quadrant]{
|[co1,sub={from correlation}]|Cor & & & & & \\
|[co1,sub={from effect}]| Ef & & & & & \\
|[co1,sub={from cause}]| Cau & & |[co3,sub={axiologic argument}]| Ax & & |[co5,sub={from evaluation}]| Ev & \\
|[co1,sub={from sign}]| Sig & |[co2,sub={from criterion}]| Cr & |[co3,sub={from standard}]| St & |[co4,sub={pragmatic argument}]| Pr & |[co5,sub={deontic argument}]| De & \\
};
\matrix[beta quadrant]{
& & & & & |[co1,sub={case to case}]| Cas \\
& & & |[co3,sub={a minore}]| Min & & |[co1,sub={from example}]| Exa\\
& & |[co4,sub={from parallel}]| Pa & |[co3,sub={a manore}]| Ma & & |[co1,sub={from genus}]| G \\
|[co6,sub={from comparison}]| Comp & |[my empty cell]| & |[co4,sub={from equality}]| Eq & |[co3,sub={from analogy}]| An & |[my empty cell]| & |[co1,sub={from similarity}]| Sim \\
};
\matrix[gamma quadrant]{
|[co4,sub={from consistency}]| Con & |[co3,sub={from opposites}]| O & |[co2,sub={from tradition}]| T & |[my empty cell]| \\
& |[co3,sub={from disjunctives}]| Di & & \\
& |[co3,sub={pertitio principi}]| Pe & & \\
};
\matrix[delta quadrant]{
|[my empty cell]| & |[co2,sub={from authority}]| Au & |[co3,sub={from utility}]| U & |[co4,sub={ad baculum}]| Ba & |[co5,sub={from character}]| Ch & |[co6,sub={from emotion}]| Em \\
};
\draw[dashed] (0,8) -- (0,-8)
(-12,0) -- (12,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案4
编辑（1）： 哎呀，我没有加载最后一个解决方案。现在已更正...
哦，还有一个答案：利用库和所有节点chains的共同定义：square
\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 0pt,
start chain = going above,
square/.style args = {#1/#2/#3}{%
rectangle, draw, semithick,
fill=#1,
minimum size=20mm, inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm,
font=\large\sffamily,
label={[anchor=north]above:#2},
label={[anchor=south,yshift=0.5ex]below:#3},
on chain},
every label/.append style = {%
label distance=0pt, text depth=0.25ex, align=center,
font=\footnotesize\sffamily\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
]
% 1. column, from bottom to top
\node (Sig) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ sign] {Sig};
\node (Cau) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ cause] {Cau};
\node (Ef) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ effect] {Ef};
\node (Cor) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\
correlation] {Cor};
% 2. column, from bottom to top
\node (Cr) [square=olive!30/1 pre VF/from\\ criterion,
right=of Sig] {Cr};
% 3. column, from bottom to top
\node (St) [square=yellow!30/1 pre W/from\\ standard,
right=of Cr] {St};
\node (Ax) [square=yellow!30/1 pre W/axiologic\\
argument] {Ax};
% 4. column, from bottom to top
\node (Pr) [square=purple!30/1 pre PF/pragmatic\\ argument,
right=of St] {Pr};
% 5. column, from bottom to top
\node (De) [square=orange!30/1 pre PV/deontic\\ argument,
right=of Pr] {De};
\node (Ev) [square=orange!30/1 pre PV/from\\
evaluation] {Ev};
% Axes
\draw [dotted,thick] ([xshift=-1mm] Cor.north west) |- ([yshift=-1mm] De.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑（2）： 类似地可以在其他象限绘制“正方形”。其中上述代码应该分为两部分：
- 第一个是
scope节点链在上面（start chain = going above）。它用于第一和第二象限） - 第一个是
scope节点链的位置在下面（start chain = going below）。它用于第一和第二象限）
这种方法的一个不完整的例子是：
\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains,
positioning}
% -----------------------------
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 0pt,
square/.style args = {#1/#2/#3}{%
rectangle, draw, semithick,
fill=#1,
minimum size=20mm, inner sep=2mm, outer sep=0mm,
font=\large\sffamily,
label={[anchor=north]above:#2},
label={[anchor=south,yshift=0.5ex]below:#3},
on chain},
every label/.append style = {%
label distance=0pt, text depth=0.25ex, align=center,
font=\footnotesize\sffamily\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
]
\begin{scope}[start chain = going above]
% RIGHT (first quadrant)
% 1. column, from bottom to top
\node (Sig) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ sign] {Sig};
\node (Cau) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ cause] {Cau};
\node (Ef) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ effect] {Ef};
\node (Cor) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\
correlation] {Cor};
% 2. column, from bottom to top
\node (Cr) [square=olive!30/1 pre VF/from\\ criterion,
right=of Sig] {Cr};
% 3. column, from bottom to top
\node (St) [square=yellow!30/1 pre W/from\\ standard,
right=of Cr] {St};
\node (Ax) [square=yellow!30/1 pre W/axiologic\\
argument] {Ax};
% 4. column, from bottom to top
\node (Pr) [square=purple!30/1 pre PF/pragmatic\\ argument,
right=of St] {Pr};
% 5. column, from bottom to top
\node (De) [square=orange!30/1 pre PV/deontic\\ argument,
right=of Pr] {De};
\node (Ev) [square=orange!30/1 pre PV/from\\
evaluation] {Ev};
% LEFT (second quadrant)
% 1. column, from bottom to top
\node (Sim) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ sign,
left= 2mm of Sig] {Sig};
\node (G) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ cause] {G};
\node (Exa) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\ effect] {Cas};
\node (Cas) [square=blue!30/1 pre FF/from\\
correlation] {Cor};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[start chain = going below]
% 2. column, from top to bottom
\node (Au) [square=olive!30/2 pre VF/from\\ authority,
below=2mm of Cr] {Cr};
\node (Po) [square=olive!30/2 pre VF/ad\\
xxxxx] {Po};
\node (Comm)[square=olive!30/2 pre VF/from\\
environment] {Comm};
% 3. column, from bottom to top
\node (U) [square=yellow!30/3 pre W/from\\ yyyyy,
right=of Au] {St};
\node (Be) [square=yellow!30/3 pre W/from\\
zzzzz] {Be};
\end{scope}
% Axes
\draw [dotted,thick]
([xshift=-1mm] Cor.north west) -- ([xshift=-1mm] Cor.west |- Comm.south);
\draw [dotted,thick]
([yshift=-1mm] Sim.south west) -- ([yshift=-1mm] De.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
希望现在清楚如何添加缺失的方块。您还需要检查方块的内容。