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这样的流程图该怎么画呢？

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这样的流程图该怎么画呢？

在此处输入图片描述

我想在矩形框内添加这些注释。非常感谢。到目前为止，我已经做到了这一点，但我不知道如何在框内输入更多单词。我怎样才能将这些“输入”云和“输出”云放在我想要的位置？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}

% Define block styles
\tikzstyle{block} = [rectangle, draw,  
    text width=15em, text centered, rounded corners, minimum height=16em]
\tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
\tikzstyle{cloud} = [draw, ellipse, node distance=6cm,
    minimum height=8em]

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 10cm, auto]
    % Place nodes
    \node [block] (init) {\underline{Machine}};
    \node [cloud, left of=init] (data) {\underline{Training data set}};
    \node [cloud, above right of=init] (input) {\underline{Input}};
    \node [cloud, below right of=init] (output) {\underline{Output}};
    % Draw edges
    \path [line] (data) -- (init);
    \path [line] (input) -- (init);
    \path [line] (init) -- (output);
\end{tikzpicture}


\end{document}

答案1

作为起点：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,
                positioning,    % <--- added
                shapes}
\usepackage{xparse}% So that we can have two optional parameters
\NewDocumentCommand\DownArrow{O{2.0ex} O{black}}%
{%
\mathrel{\tikz[baseline] \draw [<-, line width=0.5pt, #2] (0,0) -- ++(0,#1);}
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 3mm and 9mm,
 block/.style = {rectangle, draw, rounded corners,
                 text width =15em, align=center},
 cloud/.style = {draw, ellipse, aspect=1.2, align=center}
                    ]
% Place nodes
\node [block] (init) {\underline{Machine}\\
                      $f(\vec{x}) = \theta_0 + \theta_1x_1 + \dotsm + \theta_n x_n$\\[1ex]
                      $\DownArrow[30pt]$\\[1ex]
                      $y=\phi\bigl(f(\vec{x})\bigr)$
                      };
\node [cloud, left=of init] (data)
                    {\underline{Training data set}\\
                     dog, cat, pig, etc};
\node [cloud, above right=of init.east] (input)
                    {\underline{Input}\\
                     features data $\vec{x}$};
\node [cloud, below right=of init.east] (output)
                    {\underline{Output}\\
                     class: $y$};
% Draw edges
\draw[-latex']  (data) -- (init);
\draw[-latex']  (input) -- (init.east |- input);
\draw[-latex']  (init.east |- output) -- (output);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

您走在正确的轨道上 :)。我对您的代码做了以下更改：

  • 更正输入编码（应该只有一个，article默认使用最近的utf8）。
  • 为了定位，请使用库positioning及其语法（请注意above right=of ...您的above of = ...）。
  • 不推荐使用\tikzstyle。相反，使用\tikzset或将样式定义为选项tikzpicture（就像我在上面的 MWE 中所做的那样）。
  • 定义后align=center，可以在节点中写入多行（居中）文本

在此处输入图片描述

编辑： 下一次迭代（应该更接近你的草图）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,
                positioning,    % <--- added
                shapes}
\usepackage{xparse}% So that we can have two optional parameters
\NewDocumentCommand\DownArrow{O{2.0ex} O{black}}%
{%
\mathrel{\tikz[baseline] \draw [<-, line width=0.5pt, #2] (0,0) -- ++(0,#1);}
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 3mm and 9mm,
 block/.style = {rectangle, draw, rounded corners,
                 text width =15em, align=center},
 cloud/.style = {draw, ellipse, aspect=1.2, align=center},
                    ]
% Place nodes
\node [block, label={[anchor=east, align=center, xshift=-1em,
                      font=\small\linespread{0.8}\selectfont, 
                      text=purple]right:
                $x_1,\dotsc,x_n$:\\
                 features\\ 
                 variables} 
       ] (init) {\underline{Machine}\\
                 $f(\vec{x}) = \theta_0 + \theta_1 x_1 + \dotsm + \theta_n x_n$\\[1ex]
                 $\DownArrow[30pt]$\\[1ex]
                 $y=\phi\bigl(f(\vec{x})\bigr)$
                 };
\node [cloud, left=of init] (data)
                 {\underline{Training data set}\\
                  dog, cat, pig, etc};
\node [cloud, above right=of init.east] (input)
                 {\underline{Input}\\
                  features data $\vec{x}$};
\node [cloud, below right=of init.east] (output)
                  {\underline{Output}\\
                   class: $y$};
% Draw edges
\draw[-latex']  (data) -- (init);
\draw[red,-latex']  (input) -- (init.east |- input);
\draw[red,-latex']  (init.east |- output) -- (output);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

附录： 在过去三年中，包裹tikz和文档类别article经历了几次增加，上述解决方案提案现在可以/必须写成如下形式：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,    % changed
                positioning,    % <--- added
                shapes}
\NewDocumentCommand\DownArrow{O{2.0ex} O{black}}%
{%
\mathrel{\tikz[baseline] \draw [Straight Barb-, semithick, #2] (0,0) -- ++(0,#1);}
}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 3mm and 9mm,
 block/.style = {rectangle, draw, rounded corners,
                 text width =15em, align=center},
 cloud/.style = {draw, ellipse, aspect=1.2, align=center},
                    ]
% Place nodes
\node [block, label={[anchor=east, align=center, xshift=-1em,
                      font=\small\linespread{0.8}\selectfont,
                      text=purple]right:
                $x_1,\dotsc,x_n$:\\
                 features\\
                 variables}
       ] (init) {\underline{Machine}\\
                 $f(\vec{x}) = \theta_0 + \theta_1 x_1 + \dotsm + \theta_n x_n$\\[1ex]
                 $\DownArrow[30pt]$\\[1ex]
                 $y=\phi\bigl(f(\vec{x})\bigr)$
                 };
\node [cloud, left=of init] (data)
                 {\underline{Training data set}\\
                  dog, cat, pig, etc};
\node [cloud, above right=of init.east] (input)
                 {\underline{Input}\\
                  features data $\vec{x}$};
\node [cloud, below right=of init.east] (output)
                  {\underline{Output}\\
                   class: $y$};
% Draw edges
\draw[-Latex]  (data) -- (init);
\draw[red,-Latex]  (input) -- (init.east |- input);
\draw[red,-Latex]  (init.east |- output) -- (output);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果几乎和以前一样：

在此处输入图片描述

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