使用 BibLaTeX 显示与 ArXiv 预印本具有相同设计的 TEL/HAL 电子印本

Question

使用 biblatex，我想隐藏 TEL（thèse en ligne）和 HAL（Hyper articles en ligne）上一些博士参考文献的完整 URL，只显示实际参考编号，单击后将链接到正确的 URL。ArXiv 参考文献在此处的显示方式正是如此。

这是 MWE，请注意两个不同条目的显示方式。我希望 PhD 条目的显示方式与 ArXiv 条目相同，但不显示整个 URL，而是显示类似“TEL: ”的 ID，并且可点击并直接链接到实际 URL。

\documentclass[french, 11pt, a4paper, titlepage]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage[
    backend=biber,
    style=numeric,
    sorting=ynt
]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{biblio.bib}

\begin{document}
The arXiv eprint: \cite{2018arXiv180609824G}\\
Some PhD on HAL/TEL: \cite{olry:tel-00005985}
\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc, title={Bibliographie}]
\end{document}

有了biblio.bib这样的，直接从arxiv和tel下载。

@phdthesis{olry:tel-00005985,
  TITLE = {{Etude d'une cavite acc{\'e}l{\'e}ratrice supraconductrice Spoke pour les acc{\'e}l{\'e}rateurs de protons de forte intensit{\'e}}},
  AUTHOR = {Olry, Guillaume},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005985},
  HAL_LOCAL_REFERENCE = {IPNO-T-04-02},
  SCHOOL = {{Universit{\'e} Paris-Diderot - Paris VII}},
  YEAR = {2004},
  MONTH = Apr,
  KEYWORDS = {cavit{\'e}s spoke ; supraconductivit{\'e} ; acc{\'e}l{\'e}rateur lin{\'e}aire {\`a} protons ; contr{\^o}le dimensionnel},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005985/file/tel-00005985.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00005985},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@ARTICLE{2018arXiv180609824G,
   author = {{Grassellino}, A. and {Romanenko}, A. and {Bice}, D. and {Melnychuk}, O. and 
    {Crawford}, A.~C. and {Chandrasekaran}, S. and {Sung}, Z. and 
    {Sergatskov}, D.~A. and {Checchin}, M. and {Posen}, S. and {Martinello}, M. and 
    {Wu}, G.},
    title = "{Accelerating fields up to 49 MV/m in TESLA-shape superconducting RF niobium cavities via 75C vacuum bake}",
  journal = {ArXiv e-prints},
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
   eprint = {1806.09824},
 primaryClass = "physics.acc-ph",
 keywords = {Physics - Accelerator Physics},
     year = 2018,
    month = jun,
   adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv180609824G},
  adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

顺便说一句，如果有办法使用法语引号“»而不是英语引号“”来将 biblatex 法语化。以及用斜体打印“et al.”，我也想知道怎么做。谢谢。

Answer 1

有两种方法可以实现类似 HAL 的电子印刷档案。（1）使用专用字段（hal在 MWE 中）或（2）使用eprint和eprinttype。

(1) 需要一个新的“数据模型”( .dbx) 文件，以便 Biber 和 了解新字段biblatex。 (2) 不需要这样的东西，因为该eprint字段已经存在。但是只有一个eprint字段，因此如果您想提供多个电子印刷标识符，您将不得不在某个时候求助于新字段。

DOI、MR、Zbl 和 arxiv 的 BibTeX 字段？显示了您可以采取的一般方法。下面的 MWE 显示了使用eprint专用hal字段的方法。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents*}{eprint-hal.dbx}
\ProvidesFile{eprint-hal.dbx}[2018/09/26 HAL/TEL eprints]
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=verbatim]{arxiv,hal}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{hal}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal]{arxivclass}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{arxivclass}
\end{filecontents*}

\usepackage[
    backend=biber,
    style=numeric,
    sorting=ynt,
    datamodel=eprint-hal,
]{biblatex}

\usepackage{hyperref}

\DeclareFieldFormat{hal}{%
  \mkbibacro{HAL}\addcolon\space
  \ifhyperref
    {\href{https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
    {\nolinkurl{#1}}}

\DeclareFieldAlias{eprint:hal}{hal}
\DeclareFieldAlias{eprint:HAL}{eprint:hal}

\renewbibmacro*{eprint}{%
  \printfield{hal}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{eprinttype}
    {\printfield{eprint}}
    {\printfield[eprint:\strfield{eprinttype}]{eprint}}}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@phdthesis{olry:tel-00005985,
  title       = {Etude d'une cavite accélératrice supraconductrice Spoke pour les accélérateurs de protons de forte intensité},
  author      = {Olry, Guillaume},
  school      = {Universit{\'e} Paris-Diderot -- Paris VII},
  date        = {2004-04},
  hal         = {tel-00005985},
}
@article{sasso:hal-01882235,
  title      = {Performances of Four Real-Time PCR Assays for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia},
  author     = {Sasso, Milène and Chastang-Dumas, Elsa and Bastide, Sophie and Alonso, Sandrine and Lechiche, Catherine and Bourgeois, Nathalie and Lachaud, Laurence},
  journal    = {Journal of Clinical Microbiology},
  volume     = {54},
  number     = {3},
  pages      = {625 - 630},
  date       = {2016-02},
  eprint     = {hal-01882235},
  eprinttype = {hal},
}
@phdthesis{waldvogel:tel-01881957,
  title      = {Development of an efficient catalyst for the process chain Power-to-Methane and kinetic study},
  author     = {Waldvogel, Audrey},
  school     = {Université de Strasbourg},
  date       = {2017-12},
  eprint     = {tel-01881957},
  eprinttype = {HAL},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\begin{document}
The arXiv eprint: \cite{wassenberg}

Some PhD on HAL/TEL: \cite{olry:tel-00005985,sasso:hal-01882235,waldvogel:tel-01881957}

\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc, title={Bibliographie}]
\end{document}