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PGGFlots：极坐标图的背景颜色

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf pgfplots polarplot
PGGFlots：极坐标图的背景颜色

我想在 PGFPlots 中绘制所谓的“天空图”。天空图显示卫星及其在可见天空中的位置。此外，我想为一些特定的干扰绘制背景。最终它应该看起来像这样： 带背景的天空图示例

使用 PGFPlots 的 polaraxis 创建坐标系并放置卫星非常容易：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}

\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}
\usepgfplotslibrary{polar}

\newlength\figureheight
\newlength\figurewidth

\definecolor{GPS_Color}{RGB}{0, 187, 0}
\definecolor{GLO_Color}{RGB}{196, 163, 0}
\definecolor{GAL_Color}{RGB}{0, 140, 190}
\definecolor{BDS_Color}{RGB}{196, 0, 0}

\begin{document}
\scriptsize
\setlength\figureheight{\textwidth}
\setlength\figurewidth{\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{polaraxis}[
width=\figurewidth,
height=\figureheight,
rotate=-90,
axis lines*=none,
axis line style = {draw=transparent,line width=0.0001pt},
x dir=reverse,
xticklabel style={anchor=-\tick-90},
xtick={0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330},
xticklabels={N,30,60,E,120,150,S,210,240,W,300,330},
ymin=0,
ymax=90,
ytick={0,10,...,90},
yticklabels=\empty
]
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GPS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:30,90-80) {\tiny{G30}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GAL_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:280,90-10) {\tiny{E01}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GLO_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:150,90-89) {\tiny{R13}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=BDS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:210,90-35) {\tiny{C14}};
\end{polaraxis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

由此得出以下图表：

给定代码的输出

但是，我找不到显示背景颜色的方法。我开发了一个应用程序来计算卫星位置和背景，这就是我创建图形的方式。现在我想扩展这个应用程序以生成 tikz/pgf 代码以在 TeX 中发布。背景的颜色数据可以作为某种图像使用，因此是具有特定颜色的矩形像素阵列。但是，由于这些数据依赖于笛卡尔轴，我无法在 polaraxis 环境中直接绘制它。

如何在 PGFPlots polaraxis 环境中创建这种彩色的背景？

非常感谢。

答案1

如果您想添加背景图像（使用其他程序生成），并且您有可用的图像（无论何种格式），则可以将其添加到背景中。请注意，我过去常常scale only axis强制极坐标图的尺寸完全符合要求的尺寸。

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,calc}

\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}
\usepgfplotslibrary{polar}

\newlength\figureheight
\newlength\figurewidth

\definecolor{GPS_Color}{RGB}{0, 187, 0}
\definecolor{GLO_Color}{RGB}{196, 163, 0}
\definecolor{GAL_Color}{RGB}{0, 140, 190}
\definecolor{BDS_Color}{RGB}{196, 0, 0}

\begin{document}
\scriptsize
\setlength\figureheight{\textwidth}
\setlength\figurewidth{\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{scope}[on background layer]
        \node[anchor=south west, inner sep=0pt,  opacity=0.3,
            ] at (0,0)
            {\includegraphics[width=\figurewidth,
                height=\figureheight]{example-image-a}
            };
    \end{scope}
    \begin{polaraxis}[
        width=\figurewidth,
        height=\figureheight,
        rotate=-90,
        axis lines*=none,
        axis line style = {draw=transparent,line width=0.0001pt},
        x dir=reverse,
        xticklabel style={anchor=-\tick-90},
        xtick={0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330},
        xticklabels={N,30,60,E,120,150,S,210,240,W,300,330},
        ymin=0,
        ymax=90,
        ytick={0,10,...,90},
        yticklabels=\empty,
        scale only axis,
        ]
        \node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GPS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:30,90-80) {\tiny{G30}};
        \node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GAL_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:280,90-10) {\tiny{E01}};
        \node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GLO_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:150,90-89) {\tiny{R13}};
        \node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=BDS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:210,90-35) {\tiny{C14}};
    \end{polaraxis}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

上述代码片段的输出

楼主贴出了最终结果：

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

在概念层面有点类似于koleygr 的回答但没有硬编码距离和更精细的颜色过渡。（编辑：使用颜色选择器来重现您的颜色，非常感谢 AndrèC！)

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,calc}
\usepackage{pgfplots}

\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}
\usepgfplotslibrary{polar}

\newlength\figureheight
\newlength\figurewidth

\definecolor{GPS_Color}{RGB}{0, 187, 0}
\definecolor{GLO_Color}{RGB}{196, 163, 0}
\definecolor{GAL_Color}{RGB}{0, 140, 190}
\definecolor{BDS_Color}{RGB}{196, 0, 0}

\definecolor{LEFT_Color}{RGB}{152, 205, 225}
\definecolor{RIGHT_Color}{RGB}{242, 204, 48}
\begin{document}
\scriptsize
\setlength\figureheight{\textwidth}
\setlength\figurewidth{\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{polaraxis}[
width=\figurewidth,
height=\figureheight,
rotate=-90,
axis lines*=none,
axis line style = {draw=transparent,line width=0.0001pt},
x dir=reverse,
xticklabel style={anchor=-\tick-90},
xtick={0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330},
xticklabels={N,30,60,E,120,150,S,210,240,W,300,330},
ymin=0,
ymax=90,
ytick={0,10,...,90},
yticklabels=\empty
]
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GPS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:30,90-80) {\tiny{G30}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GAL_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:280,90-10) {\tiny{E01}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GLO_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:150,90-89) {\tiny{R13}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=BDS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:210,90-35) {\tiny{C14}};
\coordinate (c) at (axis cs:0,0);
\coordinate (aux) at (axis cs:0,90);
\coordinate (t) at (axis cs:15,90);
\coordinate (m) at (axis cs:0,40);
\coordinate (b) at (axis cs:200,90);
\end{polaraxis}
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\clip let \p1=($(aux)-(c)$),\n1={veclen(\y1,\x1)} in (c) circle (\n1);
\fill[LEFT_Color] let \p1=($(aux)-(c)$) in (c) circle (\y1);
\path let \p1=($([xshift=-6,yshift=10]t)-(c)$),\n1={1.025*veclen(\y1,\x1)} in \pgfextra{\xdef\myrad{\n1}};
\foreach \X [evaluate=\X as \Y using {int(50+\X)}] in {-50,...,50}
{\fill[RIGHT_Color!\Y!LEFT_Color] ([xshift=0.2*\X,yshift=10]t) to[out=-120,in=70]
([xshift=0.2*\X]m) to[out=-110,in=90] ([xshift=0.2*\X,yshift=-10]b) arc(250:435:\myrad);}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

即使放大很多，仍然可以实现相当平滑的过渡。

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

这是一种您可以自行调整颜色和“模糊”的方法：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}

\pgfplotsset{compat=1.13}
\usepgfplotslibrary{polar}

\newlength\figureheight
\newlength\figurewidth

\definecolor{GPS_Color}{RGB}{0, 187, 0}
\definecolor{GLO_Color}{RGB}{196, 163, 0}
\definecolor{GAL_Color}{RGB}{0, 140, 190}
\definecolor{BDS_Color}{RGB}{196, 0, 0}
\definecolor{SKY_Color}{RGB}{0, 157, 210}


\begin{document}
\scriptsize
\setlength\figureheight{\textwidth}
\setlength\figurewidth{\textwidth}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{polaraxis}[
width=\figurewidth,
height=\figureheight,
rotate=-90,
axis lines*=none,
axis line style = {draw=transparent,line width=0.0001pt},
x dir=reverse,
xticklabel style={anchor=-\tick-90},
xtick={0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330},
xticklabels={N,30,60,E,120,150,S,210,240,W,300,330},
ymin=0,
ymax=90,
ytick={0,10,...,90},
yticklabels=\empty
]
\end{polaraxis}
\clip (5.27,5.27) circle (5.25);
\fill[SKY_Color] (5.3,5.3) circle (5.3);
\fill[orange!50!yellow,rotate=-30, shift={(70:10)}] (1.6,-2) ellipse (4 and 6);
\draw[yellow,opacity=0.4,line width=0.2cm,rotate=-30,shift={(70:10)}] (1.6,-2) ellipse (4.05 and 6.05);
\draw[yellow,opacity=0.2,line width=0.2cm,rotate=-30,shift={(70:10)}] (1.6,-2) ellipse (4.2 and 6.2);
\draw[yellow,opacity=0.1,line width=0.2cm,rotate=-30,shift={(70:10)}] (1.6,-2) ellipse (4.3 and 6.3);
\begin{scope}
\begin{polaraxis}[
width=\figurewidth,
height=\figureheight,
rotate=-90,
axis lines*=none,
axis line style = {draw=transparent,line width=0.0001pt},
x dir=reverse,
xticklabel style={anchor=-\tick-90},
xtick={0,30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240,270,300,330},
xticklabels={N,30,60,E,120,150,S,210,240,W,300,330},
ymin=0,
ymax=90,
ytick={0,10,...,90},
yticklabels=\empty
]
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GPS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:30,90-80) {\tiny{G30}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GAL_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:280,90-10) {\tiny{E01}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=GLO_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:150,90-89) {\tiny{R13}};
\node [anchor=center,draw,circle,black,fill=BDS_Color,minimum size=3ex,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:210,90-35) {\tiny{C14}};
\end{polaraxis}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出：

在此处输入图片描述

PS：我使用了一个以您的中心为实心的圆、一个具有适当颜色、中心/旋转的椭圆、一些用于“模糊”的椭圆，并使用您的中心和适当的半径用圆圈剪切图像。

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