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生成魔方图的简单方法

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生成魔方图的简单方法

汲取灵感在 TikZ 中玩魔方，我想生成像这样的魔方图

在此处输入图片描述在此处输入图片描述在此处输入图片描述在此处输入图片描述

使用来自的解决方案在 TikZ 中玩魔方，我能够生成这个图表

在此处输入图片描述

我的问题是，修改代码以便快速生成上图中的图表的最佳方法是什么？像命令一样\cube{....}？但即使我不确定如何以这种方式指定颜色信息。为每种颜色使用一个符号？G - 绿色，B - 蓝色等。所以这个图中有 27 个方形面，那么这是否意味着您需要 27 个参数？如果你将其留空，那么它会显示灰色图块？我将不胜感激任何关于在 LaTeX 中编写此代码的最佳方法的建议。我的最终目标是制作超过 100 个像上面这样的图表。因此，如果有可能编写一个真正高效的代码来生成图表，那就太棒了。

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
\begin{document}
\pgfmathsetmacro\radius{0.1}
\newcommand{\frontcolor}{red}
\newcommand{\sidecolor}{blue}
            \tdplotsetmaincoords{55}{135}
            \begin{tikzpicture}
                \clip (-3,-2.5) rectangle (3,2.5);
                \begin{scope}[tdplot_main_coords]
                    \filldraw [canvas is yz plane at x=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \filldraw [canvas is xz plane at y=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \filldraw [canvas is yx plane at z=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \foreach \X in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
                        \foreach \Y in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
                            \draw [thick,canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\sidecolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
                            \draw [thick,canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\frontcolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
                            \draw [thick,canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=yellow] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
                        }
                    }
                \end{scope}
            \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

这是一个巧妙的问题，下面是答案的建议。颜色存储在名为的数组中\myarray，该数组决定单元格的颜色。此示例说明了条目（索引从 0 开始）和单元格之间的关系

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
\newif\ifshowcellnumber
\showcellnumbertrue
\begin{document}
\definecolor{R}{RGB}{202,65,55}
\definecolor{G}{RGB}{151,216,56}
\definecolor{B}{RGB}{51,72,237}
\definecolor{W}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\definecolor{X}{RGB}{65,65,65}

\newcommand{\TikZRubikFaceLeft}[9]{\def\myarrayL{#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6,#7,#8,#9}}
\newcommand{\TikZRubikFaceRight}[9]{\def\myarrayR{#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6,#7,#8,#9}}
\newcommand{\TikZRubikFaceTop}[9]{\def\myarrayT{#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6,#7,#8,#9}}
\newcommand{\BuildArray}{\foreach \X [count=\Y] in \myarrayL%
{\ifnum\Y=1%
\xdef\myarray{"\X"}%
\else%
\xdef\myarray{\myarray,"\X"}%
\fi}%
\foreach \X in \myarrayR%
{\xdef\myarray{\myarray,"\X"}}%
\foreach \X in \myarrayT%
{\xdef\myarray{\myarray,"\X"}}%
\xdef\myarray{{\myarray}}%
}
\TikZRubikFaceLeft
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{G}
\TikZRubikFaceRight
        {W}{X}{X}
        {R}{G}{G}
        {X}{G}{G}
\TikZRubikFaceTop
        {X}{X}{R}
        {R}{R}{G}
        {R}{R}{X}
\BuildArray
%\def\myarray{{"X","X","B","X","G","X","R","R","X","X","X","X","G","X","B","B","X","X","G","B","R","X","R","B","X","X","X"}}
\pgfmathsetmacro\radius{0.1}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{55}{135}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \clip (-3,-2.5) rectangle (3,2.5);
 \begin{scope}[tdplot_main_coords]
  \filldraw [canvas is yz plane at x=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \filldraw [canvas is xz plane at y=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \filldraw [canvas is yx plane at z=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \foreach \X [count=\XX starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
   \foreach \Y [count=\YY starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
   \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{\XX+3*(2-\YY)}
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)}] {\Z};
    \fi 
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\XX+3*(2-\YY)+9}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1] {\Z};
    \fi 
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\YY+3*\XX+18}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1,rotate=-90] {\Z};
    \fi 
    }
   }
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\TikZRubikFaceLeft
    {X}{X}{X}
    {X}{X}{X}
    {X}{G}{X}
\TikZRubikFaceRight
    {X}{X}{X}
    {X}{B}{X}
    {W}{B}{X}
\TikZRubikFaceTop
    {X}{R}{X}
    {X}{W}{X}
    {X}{W}{G}
\BuildArray
\showcellnumberfalse
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \clip (-3,-2.5) rectangle (3,2.5);
 \begin{scope}[tdplot_main_coords]
  \filldraw [canvas is yz plane at x=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \filldraw [canvas is xz plane at y=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \filldraw [canvas is yx plane at z=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
  \foreach \X [count=\XX starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
   \foreach \Y [count=\YY starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
   \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{\XX+3*(2-\YY)}
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)}] {\Z};
    \fi 
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\XX+3*(2-\YY)+9}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1] {\Z};
    \fi 
    \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\YY+3*\XX+18}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
    \draw [thick,canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc (-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc (90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
    \ifshowcellnumber
     \node[canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1,rotate=-90] {\Z};
    \fi 
    }
   }
 \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}   
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如您所见，如果用 替换\showcellnumbertrue，\showcellnumberfalse数字就会被抑制。

編輯：说明了数组索引和单元格之间的关系（现在几乎是多余的），并调整了颜色（非常感谢@manooooh！）。我现在还使用了包的约定rubik，在看到之前我真的不知道Peter Grill 的精彩回答。惯例仍然略有不同，因为我将面称为左、右和上。这是因为这个东西可以在某个范围内旋转，但左将始终在该范围内。我还添加了一些%，它们是在第一个添加的这个答案。

附录：受到@LoopSpace 的评论的鼓舞：

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{3d}
\newif\ifshowcellnumber
\showcellnumberfalse
\begin{document}
\definecolor{R}{RGB}{202,65,55}
\definecolor{G}{RGB}{151,216,56}
\definecolor{B}{RGB}{51,72,237}
%\definecolor{W}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\definecolor{W}{RGB}{65,65,65}

\def\myarray{{"W","W","B","W","G","W","R","R","W","W","W","W","G","W","B","B","W","W","G","B","R","W","R","B","W","W","W"}}
\pgfmathsetmacro\radius{0.1}
\newcommand{\frontcolor}{red}
\newcommand{\sidecolor}{blue}
\foreach \X in {95,100,...,175}
{            \tdplotsetmaincoords{55}{\X}
            \begin{tikzpicture}
                \clip (-3,-2.5) rectangle (3,2.5);
                \begin{scope}[tdplot_main_coords]
                    \filldraw [canvas is yz plane at x=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \filldraw [canvas is xz plane at y=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \filldraw [canvas is yx plane at z=1.5] (-1.5,-1.5) rectangle (1.5,1.5);
                    \foreach \X [count=\XX starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
                        \foreach \Y [count=\YY starting from 0] in {-1.5,-0.5,0.5}{
                        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{\XX+3*(2-\YY)}
                        \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
                            \draw [thick,canvas is yz plane at
x=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc
(-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc
(90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
        \ifshowcellnumber
            \node[canvas is yz plane at x=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)}] {\Z};
        \fi 
                        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\XX+3*(2-\YY)+9}
                        \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
                            \draw [thick,canvas is xz plane at
y=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc
(-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc
(90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
        \ifshowcellnumber
            \node[canvas is xz plane at y=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1] {\Z};
        \fi 
                        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Z}{2-\YY+3*\XX+18}
                        \pgfmathsetmacro{\mycolor}{\myarray[\Z]}
                            \draw [thick,canvas is yx plane at
z=1.5,shift={(\X,\Y)},fill=\mycolor] (0.5,0) -- ({1-\radius},0) arc
(-90:0:\radius) -- (1,{1-\radius}) arc (0:90:\radius) -- (\radius,1) arc
(90:180:\radius) -- (0,\radius) arc (180:270:\radius) -- cycle;
        \ifshowcellnumber
            \node[canvas is yx plane at z=1.5,shift={(\X+0.5,\Y+0.5)},xscale=-1,rotate=-90] {\Z};
        \fi 
                        }
                    }
                \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

还有一个魔方专为此而设计的包。 平均能量损失下面生成问题中所示的四个立方体位置。

在此处输入图片描述

代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}%% load tikz BEFORE rubikcube
\usepackage{rubikcube}
%\usepackage{rubikrotation,rubikpatterns,rubiktwocube}% Related packages

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
    \RubikFaceUp
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{G}
    \RubikFaceRight
        {W}{X}{X}
        {R}{G}{G}
        {X}{G}{G}
    \RubikFaceFront
        {X}{X}{R}
        {R}{R}{G}
        {R}{R}{X}
   \ShowCube{7cm}{0.7}{\DrawRubikCube}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
    \RubikFaceUp
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{G}{X}
    \RubikFaceRight
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{B}{X}
        {W}{B}{X}
    \RubikFaceFront
        {X}{R}{X}
        {X}{O}{X}
        {X}{O}{G}
   \ShowCube{7cm}{0.7}{\DrawRubikCube}
\end{minipage}

\par\medskip
\noindent
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
    \RubikFaceRight
        {X}{X}{X}
        {G}{B}{X}
        {G}{B}{X}
    \RubikFaceFront
        {X}{X}{X}
        {X}{O}{R}
        {X}{O}{R}
   \ShowCube{7cm}{0.7}{\DrawRubikCube}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.4\linewidth}
    \RubikFaceUp
        {X}{X}{X}
        {G}{X}{X}
        {X}{X}{G}
    \RubikFaceRight
        {W}{X}{X}
        {X}{G}{G}
        {X}{G}{G}
    \RubikFaceFront
        {X}{X}{X}
        {R}{R}{X}
        {R}{R}{X}
   \ShowCube{7cm}{0.7}{\DrawRubikCubeRU}
\end{minipage}   
\end{document}

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