对应对齐

Question

请问如何对齐第一部分和第二部分 od 表？

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell}
\usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,}]{siunitx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
    \small
    \setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}} 
                            c
                            S[table-format=1.6(2)]
                            S[table-format=5.3(2)]
                            S[table-format=1.4(2)]
                            S[table-format=3.1(2)]
                            cc 
                            }
\Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
&&&&&&\\[-10pt]
\makecell[t]{Číslo\\ zdroje}
    &   {\makecell[t]{$a$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}
        &   {\makecell[t]{$i$\\ (\si{\degree})}}
            &   {\makecell[t]{$q = \frac{M_2}{M_1}$}}
                &   {\makecell[t]{$\omega$\\ (\si{\degree})}}
                    &   {\makecell[t]{$i$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}
                        &   {\makecell[t]{$a$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}    \\
    \midrule
5 & 43,9(3)         & 81,0(11)          &   0,3821              &               &               &       \\


\Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
    \multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize \textit{Pozn:}
Čísla v závorkách jsou chyby posledních uvedených cifer.}
\end{tabular*}
    \end{table} 

    \end{document}

编辑

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell,amsmath, graphicx}
\usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,}]{siunitx}
\newcommand\stack[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\shortstack{#1}}}
\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htb]
    \small\centering
    \begin{tabular}{@{} 
            c
            S[table-format=3.2(2)]
            S[table-format=3.2(2)]
            S[table-format=1.4]
            S[table-format=2.3(2)]
            S[table-format=2.3(2)]
            S[table-format=6.0] 
        }\Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
        &&&&&&\\[-10pt]
        \shortstack{Číslo\\ zdroje}
        &   \stack{$q = \dfrac{M_2}{M_1}$}
        &   \stack{$M_1$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}
        &   \stack{$M_2$ \\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}
        &   \stack{$R_1$\\ ($\mathrm{R}_{\odot}$)}
        &   \stack{$R_2$\\ ($\mathrm{R}_{\odot}$)}
        &   \stack{$V_{\gamma}$\\ (\si{\kilo\meter\per\second})}    \\\midrule
        5 & 43,9(3)         & 81,0(11)          &   0,3821              &3,534(55)  &   
        5,615(84)   &   30000   \\
        6 & 43,0(24) &      76,4                &   0,3906          &           
        &               &               \\
        \Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
    \end{tabular}

\smallskip
\resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{\textit{Pozn:}
Čísla v závorkách jsou chyby posledních uvedených cifer. $^*$značí fixované 
parametry.}

    \caption{Příklady zjištěných parametrů II}          
\end{table} 
\end{document}

Answer 1

使用

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell,amsmath, graphicx}
\usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,}]{siunitx}
\newcommand\stack[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\shortstack{#1}}}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[htb]
        \small\centering
        \begin{tabular}{@{} 
                c
                S[table-format=3.2(2)]
                S[table-format=3.2(2)]
                S[table-format=1.4]
                S[table-format=2.3(2)]
                S[table-format=2.3(2)]
                S[table-format=6.0] 
            }\Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
            &&&&&&\\[-10pt]
            \shortstack{Číslo\\ zdroje}
            &   \stack{$a$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}
            &   \stack{$i$\\ ($\si{\degree}$)}
            &   \stack{$q = \dfrac{M_2}{M_1}$}
            &   \stack{$\Omega_1$\\ ($\si{\degree}$)}
            &   \stack{$\Omega_2$\\ ($\si{\degree}$)}
            &   \stack{$T_1$\\ ($\mathrm{K}$)}    \\\midrule
            5 & 43,9(3)         & 81,0(11)          &   0,3821              &3,534(55)  &   
            5,615(84)   &   30000$^*$   \\
            6 & 43,0(24) &      76,4$^*$                &   0,3906          &           
            &               &               \\

            \Xhline{4\arrayrulewidth}
        \end{tabular}

    \smallskip
    \resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{\textit{Pozn:}
    Čísla v závorkách jsou chyby posledních uvedených cifer. $^*$značí fixované 
    parametry.}

        \caption{Příklady zjištěných parametrů II}          
    \end{table} 

\end{document}

Answer 2

通过利用已加载的包并根据我之前对您（几乎相同）问题的回答：

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, bm}
\usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,},
            table-align-text-post=false]{siunitx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
    \small
    \setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}
                            c
                            S[table-format=2.1(1)]
                            S[table-format=2.1(2)]
                            S[table-format=1.4]
                            S[table-format=1.3(2)]
                            S[table-format=1.3(2)]
                            S[table-format=5.0,
                              table-space-text-post={*}]
                            }
    \toprule
\makecell{Číslo\\ zdroje}
    &   {\makecell{$a$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}
        &   {\makecell{$i$\\ (\si{\degree})}}
            &   {\makecell{$q = \frac{M_2}{M_1}$}}
                &   {\makecell{$\omega$\\ (\si{\degree})}}
                    &   {\makecell{$i$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}
                        &   {\makecell{$a$\\ ($\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$)}}    \\
    \midrule
            5 & 43,9(3)         & 81,0(11)          &   0,3821              &3,534(55)  &
            5,615(84)   &   30000$^*$   \\
            6 & 43,0(24) &      76,4$^*$                &   0,3906          &
            &               &               \\
    \midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
    \multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize \textit{Pozn:}
Čísla v závorkách jsou chyby posledních uvedených cifer.}
\end{tabular*}
    \end{table}
\end{document}