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在 tikz 环境中对齐两个图表

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在 tikz 环境中对齐两个图表

我已经使用 TikZ 包分别创建了图表，现在我想让它们在一个图中左右显示并带有标题。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\definecolor{processblue}{cmyk}{0.96,0,0,0}
\usepgflibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{resizegather}


\begin{document}
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      [scale=0.8,auto=left]
      \node[fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};


    \draw  [-stealth] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n5)  node at (3.8,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n5)  -- (n6)  node at (2.1,0.9) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,-stealth] (2.2,2.8)  -- (-2.3,5.16)  node at (0,4.35) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,-stealth] (-0.4,0)  -- (-2.8,2.1)  node at (-1.3,1.3) {$Z$};

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{center}

    \begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      [scale=0.8,auto=left]
      \node[fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};


    \draw  [-stealth] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (4,5.1)  -- (4,2.9)  node at (4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (4,2.1)  -- (1.7,-.3)  node at (3.1,0.8) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,-stealth] (3.1,2.9)  -- (3.1,5.1)  node at (2.8,4) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,-stealth] (1,0)  -- (3,2.1)  node at (1.8,1.3) {$Z$};

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{center}

\end{document}

enter image description here

答案1

您的漂亮图表太宽，无法将它们平行放置。您有两个选择：

  • 将图像比例缩小至0.5
  • 增加\textwidth

考虑第一个选项的结果：

enter image description here

（红线表示页面布局）

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage{geometry}
%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\definecolor{processblue}{cmyk}{0.96,0,0,0}
\usepgflibrary{arrows, shapes, snakes}
\usepackage{graphicx}
%\usepackage{amsmath}
%\usepackage{resizegather}

%-------------------------------------- only for show page layout
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.25pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      [scale=0.5,auto=left]  % <--- reduced scale
      \node[fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n5)  node at (3.8,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n5)  -- (n6)  node at (2.1,0.9) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,-stealth] (2.2,2.8)  -- (-2.3,5.16)  node at (0,4.35) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,-stealth] (-0.4,0)  -- (-2.8,2.1)  node at (-1.3,1.3) {$Z$};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \hfil
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      [scale=0.5,auto=left]  % <--- reduced scale
      \node[fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (4,5.1)  -- (4,2.9)  node at (4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (4,2.1)  -- (1.7,-.3)  node at (3.1,0.8) {$X$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,-stealth] (3.1,2.9)  -- (3.1,5.1)  node at (2.8,4) {$Z$};
    \draw  [-stealth] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,-stealth] (1,0)  -- (3,2.1)  node at (1.8,1.3) {$Z$};
    \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{My nice digrams}
        \label{fig:test}
    \end{figure}
    see my nice diagrams in figure \ref{fig:test} \dots

\end{document}

编辑：离题：如果您定义节点样式并使用quotes库来标记箭头，您的图表代码可以显著缩短。通过节点的相对定位，您可以改善节点之间箭头的定位。

编辑（2）：考虑到@marmot 评论，第一个提出的图表代码可以通过相同大小的矩形节点进一步改进。使用此代码，您可以将两个图表都放入文本宽度中，而无需缩小图像大小。由于\tikset两个图表都有共同之处，代码变得更短。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, quotes}
\usepgflibrary{arrows.meta, shapes}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \centering
    \tikzset{
        node distance = 11mm and 6mm,
   box/.style = {rectangle, draw=gray!25, thin,
                 top color=white, bottom color = gray!50,
                 text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex,
                 minimum width=6em},
 ellip/.style = {ellipse, draw=gray!25, thin,
                 top color=white, bottom color = gray!50},
    sx/.style = {xshift=#1mm},
every edge quotes/.append style = {font=\footnotesize,
                                   inner sep=1pt, auto=right},
every edge/.append style = {-Stealth}
                }
    \begin{tikzpicture}
\node (n6) [ellip]  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
\node (n4) [box, above  left=of n6.north]   {$4=(r,w,p)$};
\node (n5) [box, above right=of n6.north]   {$5=(e,w,p)$};
\node (n2) [box, above=of n4]               {$2=(r,p,s)$};
\node (n3) [box, above=of n5]               {$3=(e,p,s)$};
\node (n1) [box, above=of n2 -| n6]         {$1=(p,s,s)$};
%
\draw       ([sx=-6] n1.south)  edge ["$X$"] ([sx=-2] n2.north)
            ([sx= 2] n2.north)  edge ["$Y$"] ([sx=-2] n1.south)
            ([sx=-2] n2.south)  edge ["$X$"] ([sx=-2] n4.north)
            ([sx= 2] n4.north)  edge ["$Y$"] ([sx= 2] n2.south)
            ([sx=-2] n4.south)  edge ["$X$"] (n6.150)
            (n6.120)            edge ["$Z$", dashed] ([sx=3] n4.south)
%
            ([sx=-2] n3.north)  edge ["$Z$"] ([sx= 2] n1.south)
            (n3.south)          edge ["$X$"] (n5.north)
            (n5.south)          edge ["$X$"] (n6.45)
            ([sx=-4] n5.north)  edge ["$Z$", dashed] ([sx=6] n2.south)
                        (n2)    edge ["$T$"  '] (n3)
                        (n4)    edge ["$T'$" '] (n5);
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \hfil
    \begin{tikzpicture}
\node (n6) [ellip]  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
\node (n4) [box, above  left=of n6.north]   {$4=(r,w,p)$};
\node (n5) [box, above right=of n6.north]   {$5=(e,w,p)$};
\node (n2) [box, above=of n4]               {$2=(r,p,s)$};
\node (n3) [box, above=of n5]               {$3=(e,p,s)$};
\node (n1) [box, above=of n2 -| n6]         {$1=(p,s,s)$};
%
\draw       ([sx=-6] n1.south)  edge ["$X$"] ([sx=-2] n2.north)
            ([sx= 2] n2.north)  edge ["$Y$"] ([sx=-2] n1.south)
            ([sx=-2] n2.south)  edge ["$X$"] ([sx=-2] n4.north)
            ([sx= 2] n4.north)  edge ["$Y$"] ([sx= 2] n2.south)
            ([sx=-2] n4.south)  edge ["$X$"] (n6.150)
            (n6.120)            edge ["$Z$", dashed] ([sx=3] n4.south)
%
            ([sx=-2] n3.north)  edge ["$Z$"] ([sx= 2] n1.south)
            (n3.south)          edge ["$X$"] (n5.north)
            (n5.south)          edge ["$X$"] (n6.45)
            ([sx=-4] n5.north)  edge ["$Z$", dashed] ([sx=6] n2.south)
                        (n2)    edge ["$T$"  '] (n3)
                        (n4)    edge ["$T'$" '] (n5);
    \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{My nice digrams}
        \label{fig:test}
    \end{figure}
    see my nice diagrams in figure \ref{fig:test} \dots
\end{document}

这使

enter image description here

答案2

要对齐使用 创建的图形TikZ，最简单的方法是使用TikZ 的力量它正是为此目的而制作的：制作人物并将它们放置在您想要的位置！

因此，将第二个图表放置在scope环境中并移动它就足够了。我已经注释了不再需要的行。

%    \end{tikzpicture}
%    \end{center}
%
%    \begin{center}
%    \begin{tikzpicture}
%      [scale=0.8,auto=left]
\begin{scope}[xshift=11cm]

要添加标题，只需使用TikZ专门的操作即可：a node！

\node[below=5mm of my diagram.south] {My caption};

如果您的文档必须以类的形式编写article，以便图表包含在页面中而不会溢出页边距，则需要缩小，这里我缩小了一个因子0.55。为了查看这些边距，我加载了showframe包。

\usepackage{showframe}

根据您的边距或class您撰写文档的最终内容，您可以更改此项factor。

为了使其更简单，可以通过创建一个local bounding box（这里称为）来将其相对于两个图放置my diagrams，这允许将节点放置在相同的位置，而不管图的尺寸如何。

\begin{scope}[local bounding box=my diagrams]

我创建了名为“减轻代码负担”的风格upper，并分解了arrow.

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.55,auto=left,upper/.style={fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50},>=stealth]

diagrmmes

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\definecolor{processblue}{cmyk}{0.96,0,0,0}
\usepgflibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,snakes,positioning}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{resizegather}
\usepackage{showframe}

\begin{document}
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.55,auto=left,
                        upper/.style={fill=black,top color=white, bottom color = gray!50},
                        >=stealth]
    \begin{scope}[local bounding box=my diagrams]
    \node[upper,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [upper] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [upper] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [upper] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [upper] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [upper] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};

    \draw  [->] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [->] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [->] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [->] (n3)  -- (n5)  node at (3.8,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (n5)  -- (n6)  node at (2.1,0.9) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [->] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,->] (2.2,2.8)  -- (-2.3,5.16)  node at (0,4.35) {$Z$};
    \draw  [->] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,->] (-0.4,0)  -- (-2.8,2.1)  node at (-1.3,1.3) {$Z$};

%    \end{tikzpicture}
%    \end{center}
%
%    \begin{center}
%    \begin{tikzpicture}
%      [scale=0.8,auto=left]
\begin{scope}[xshift=11cm]
\node[upper,ellipse] (n6) at  (0,-0.5)  {$6=(e,w,w)$};
      \node [upper] (n4) at (-3.5,2.5)  {$4=(r,w,p)$};
      \node [upper] (n5) at (3.5,2.5)  {$5=(e,w,p)$};
      \node [upper] (n2) at (-3.5,5.5) {$2=(r,p,s)$};
      \node [upper] (n3) at (3.5,5.5)  {$3=(e,p,s)$};
      \node [upper] (n1) at (0,8.5)  {$1=(p,s,s)$};

    \draw  [->] (n1.180) -- (n2.120) node at (-2.7,7.5) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (n2.20)  -- (n1.230)  node at (-1,6.9) {$Y$};
    \draw  [->] (n2.220)  -- (n4.140)  node at (-4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (-3,2.9)  -- (-3,5.1)  node at (-2.7,4) {$Y$};
    \draw  [->] (n3)  -- (n1)  node at (2.1,7.2) {$Z$};
    \draw  [->] (4,5.1)  -- (4,2.9)  node at (4.3,4) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (4,2.1)  -- (1.7,-.3)  node at (3.1,0.8) {$X$};
    \draw  [->] (n2)  -- (n3)  node at (0,5.8) {$T$};
    \draw  [->] (n4)  -- (n5)  node at (0,2.8) {$T'$};
    \draw  [dashed,->] (3.1,2.9)  -- (3.1,5.1)  node at (2.8,4) {$Z$};
    \draw  [->] (-3.96,2.11)  -- (-1.5,-0.17)  node at (-3.2,0.8) {$X'$};
    \draw  [ dashed,->] (1,0)  -- (3,2.1)  node at (1.8,1.3) {$Z$};
\end{scope}
\end{scope}      
\node[below=5mm of my diagrams.south] {My caption};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \end{center}

\end{document}

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