在 LaTeX 中绘制菱形三角形图

Question

我正在上数学（图论）课，老师让我们用 LaTeX 画这幅图。我完全不知道从哪里开始。我真的需要你的帮助，请附上如何创建它们的分步说明。

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Answer 1

在您之前的问题中，您有 MWE。是什么让您失去了提供它们的能力。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,positioning}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{bullet/.style={circle,fill,inner sep=1pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}
 \draw (0,0) node[bullet,label=below:$v_1$] (v1){} 
 -- (45:1) node[bullet,label=45:$v_2$] (v2){}
 -- (80:1) node[bullet,label=80:$v_3$] (v3) {}
 -- (v1) -- (0:1) node[bullet,label=right:$v_4$] (v4) {}
 -- (-35:1) node[bullet,label=-35:$v_5$] (v5) {} -- (v1);
\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
 \draw (0,0) node[bullet,label=below:$v_1$] (v1'){} 
 -- (100:1) node[bullet,label=100:$v_2$] (v2'){}
 -- (65:1) node[bullet,label=65:$v_3$] (v3') {}
 -- (30:1) node[bullet,label=right:$v_4$] (v4') {}
 -- (-5:1) node[bullet,label=-5:$v_5$] (v5') {} -- (v1')
 -- (v3')  (v1') -- (v4');
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily,scale=pi/2]
 \edef\lstX{{"","1","2","3","4","n-2","n-1","n"}}
 \foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX] in {7,...,1} 
 {\foreach \Y [remember=\Y as \LastY]in {7,...,\X}
  {\pgfmathsetmacro{\myX}{\lstX[\X]}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\myY}{\lstX[8-\Y]}
  \ifnum\Y=5
   \node[bullet] (v-\X-\Y) at ($\X*(120:1)+\Y*(1,0)$){};
  \else
   \node[bullet,label=45:$v_{\myX\myY}$] (v-\X-\Y) at ($\X*(120:1)+\Y*(1,0)$){};
  \fi
  \ifnum\Y=7
   \ifnum\X=7
   \else
    \draw (v-\X-\Y)  -- (v-\LastX-\Y);
   \fi  
  \else
   \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\tstY}{int(abs(4.5-\Y))}
   \ifnum\tstY=0
    \draw[dashed] (v-\X-\LastY) -- (v-\X-\Y) -- (v-\LastX-\LastY);
   \else    
    \draw (v-\X-\LastY) -- (v-\X-\Y) -- (v-\LastX-\LastY);
   \fi
  \fi
  }}
  \node[bullet,below=2cm of v-1-4] (v0){};
  \foreach \X in {1,...,7} 
   {\ifnum\X=5
    \draw[dashed] (v0) -- (v-1-\X);
   \else
    \draw (v0) -- (v-1-\X);
   \fi}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}