我如何将这个硬编码的图片库包装到新的环境中？

Question 1

我认为没有必要使用tabularx或tikz除之外的任何其他东西graphicx。没有任何环境的简单宏即使名称、标题和照片形状不一致也可以很好地管理：

（当然，如果你用真实用户图像测试这个MWE，请删除angle=90,宏中的“ ”）

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}                                               
\usepackage{graphicx}

\newcommand\member[3][example-image-empty]{%
\noindent\parbox[t]{.245\linewidth}{\centering%
\includegraphics[angle=90,width=.6\linewidth,height=.8\linewidth,
keepaspectratio]{#1}\par#2\par\bfseries#3\bigskip}%
\hspace{10pt minus 10pt}}


\begin{document}                                                      

\member[example-image-a]{Mr. Whiskas}{Programmer}
\member[example-image-b]{Catherine of Aragon}{Queen of England and Princess of Wales}
\member[example-image-c]{Tomás de Zumalacárregui e Imaz}{General}
\member[example-image]{Dr. Whatson}{Detective Assistant}
\member[example-image-1x1]{Dr. Pigmy}{A short guy}%
\member[example-image-16x9]{Dr. Slender}{A tall guy}%
\member[example-image-16x10]{Mr. Pau Gasol}{Basketball player}%
\member[example-image-4x3]{Mr. John Doe}{Homeless}%
\member[example-image]{Mr. Thompson}{Police}
\member[example-image]{Mr. Thomson}{Police}
\member{next\ldots}{}
\member{}{}

\end{document}

Answer

我认为没有必要使用tabularx或tikz除之外的任何其他东西graphicx。没有任何环境的简单宏即使名称、标题和照片形状不一致也可以很好地管理：

（当然，如果你用真实用户图像测试这个MWE，请删除angle=90,宏中的“ ”）

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}                                               
\usepackage{graphicx}

\newcommand\member[3][example-image-empty]{%
\noindent\parbox[t]{.245\linewidth}{\centering%
\includegraphics[angle=90,width=.6\linewidth,height=.8\linewidth,
keepaspectratio]{#1}\par#2\par\bfseries#3\bigskip}%
\hspace{10pt minus 10pt}}


\begin{document}                                                      

\member[example-image-a]{Mr. Whiskas}{Programmer}
\member[example-image-b]{Catherine of Aragon}{Queen of England and Princess of Wales}
\member[example-image-c]{Tomás de Zumalacárregui e Imaz}{General}
\member[example-image]{Dr. Whatson}{Detective Assistant}
\member[example-image-1x1]{Dr. Pigmy}{A short guy}%
\member[example-image-16x9]{Dr. Slender}{A tall guy}%
\member[example-image-16x10]{Mr. Pau Gasol}{Basketball player}%
\member[example-image-4x3]{Mr. John Doe}{Homeless}%
\member[example-image]{Mr. Thompson}{Police}
\member[example-image]{Mr. Thomson}{Police}
\member{next\ldots}{}
\member{}{}

\end{document}

Question 2

以下是您环境的未完成实施。您必须解决包含 4 个以上元素的问题。

用于实现类似列表的宏是\appendto，它采用应充当列表的宏的名称（并且此时必须已经定义）并\q@mark在其中添加标记以分隔元素（永远不应完全展开，因为这会导致无限循环 - 也是一样\q@stop）。另一个是\printlist接受 3 个参数的宏。第一个可以是格式化参数。列表的每个元素都将作为参数提供给的第一个参数\printlist。第二个是应插入每个元素之间的分隔符（但不是在最后一个元素之后）。第三个参数是列表宏。

这种列表的实现不依赖于任何包，但相当原始。我希望这不会让您因为自己无法完成而拖延，但您不必使用此实现。

如果您需要对代码的任何解释，请随时询问。

\documentclass[]{article}

\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[]{graphicx}

\makeatletter
%% primitive implementation of lists
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\q@mark{\q@mark}
\def\q@stop{\q@stop}
\long\def\afterfi#1\fi{\fi#1}
\newcommand\appendto[2]
  {%
    \edef#1{\unexpanded\expandafter{#1#2\q@mark}}%
  }
\newcommand*\printlist[3]
  {%
    \expandafter\printlist@i\expandafter{#3}{#1}{#2}%
  }
\newcommand*\printlist@i[3]
  {%
    \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax
    \else
      \afterfi
      {\printlist@ii{#2}{#3}#1\q@stop}%
    \fi
  }
\long\def\printlist@ii#1#2#3\q@mark#4%
  {%
    \if\relax\detokenize{#3}\relax
    \else
      \afterfi
      {#1{#3}}%
    \fi
    \ifx\q@stop#4%
    \else
      \afterfi
      % Tricky bit here, `&` is not allowed as argument of \afterfi for some
      % reason, so I have to hide it. The braces are stripped here because it's
      % the only group/token between \afterfi and \fi.
      {#2\printlist@ii{#1}{#2}#4}%
    \fi
  }
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% basic implementation of your environment
\newcommand\member[3]
  {%
    \appendto\memberlist@name{#1}%
    \appendto\memberlist@desc{#2}%
    \appendto\memberlist@file{#3}%
  }
\newcommand*\printmemberlist@file
  {%
    \printlist\memberlist@file@format&\memberlist@file
  }
\newcommand*\printmemberlist@name
  {%
    \printlist\memberlist@name@format&\memberlist@name
  }
\newcommand*\printmemberlist@desc
  {%
    \printlist\memberlist@desc@format&\memberlist@desc
  }
\newcommand\memberlist@file@format[1]
  {%
    \includegraphics[width=2cm]{#1}%
  }
\newcommand\memberlist@name@format[1]
  {%
    #1%
  }
\newcommand\memberlist@desc@format[1]
  {%
    \textbf{#1}%
  }
\newenvironment{gallery}
  {%
    \def\memberlist@name{}%
    \def\memberlist@desc{}%
    \def\memberlist@file{}%
  }
  {%
    \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{ @{} *4{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X} @{} }
      \printmemberlist@file \\
      \printmemberlist@name \\
      \printmemberlist@desc
    \end{tabularx}
  }
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{gallery}
  \member{Mr. Whiskas}{Programmer}{example-image}
  \member{Catalie Portman}{CEO}{example-image-a}
  \member{Ducktective M.}{Detective}{example-image-duck}
  \member{Anne Example}{Person}{example-image-b}
\end{gallery}
\end{document}

忘记发布结果：

Answer