帮助提供节点图

Question 1

我建议使用chamfered rectangle表示六边形，并将设置为较大的值chamfered rectangle xsep。pgfmanual 在第 736 页写道

设置倒角水平延伸超出节点内容（包括内部分隔符）的距离。如果 ⟨length⟩ 很大，以至于顶部和底部的倒角边缘会交叉，则忽略 ⟨length⟩ 并绘制倒角边缘，使它们在中间相交。

并显示一个六边形。此外，您正在加载positioning，我建议使用它进行相对定位。（您也可以研究链，但我个人认为这有时有点过头了。）所以这是第一个提议。

\PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz, pgf}
\usepackage{xltxtra}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usetikzlibrary{
positioning,
shapes.geometric,
shapes.misc,
shadows.blur,
calc}
\newcounter{hexa}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
\draw[white] let \p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
bounding box.east)$) in
([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
-- ++(-\y1+1pt,\y1-1pt) -- ++(2*\x1,0);}},
my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
\fill[white] let \p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
}},
shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
    \node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
    \node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
    %
    \node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
    \node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
    {\textsc{d}-Glu};
    \node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
    {\textsc{l}-Lys};
    \node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
    \node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
    %
    \node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
    {\textsc{l}-Lys};
    \node[below left=8mm and -5mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
    {\textsc{d}-Glu};
    \node[below left=8mm and -5mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2) 
    {L-Ala};
    %
    \node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
    \node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
    \node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
    %
    \draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
    \draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
    -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
    -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) -- 
    (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
    \draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4); 
    \draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2); 
    % 
    \node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
    \path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
    \node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
    \node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
    \node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
    \draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
    \draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

为了使其变小，您可以缩放它（例如scale=0.8,transform shape）和/或调整node distance。

\PassOptionsToPackage{svgnames}{xcolor}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz, pgf}
\usepackage{xltxtra}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usetikzlibrary{
positioning,
shapes.geometric,
shapes.misc,
shadows.blur,
calc}
\newcounter{hexa}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=3mm,scale=0.8,transform shape,
every shadow/.style={shadow xshift=-0.5ex,shadow yshift=-0.5ex},
my hexa/.style={blur shadow,chamfered rectangle,chamfered rectangle
xsep=2cm,draw,text=white,path picture={%
\draw[white] let \p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
bounding box.east)$) in
([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
-- ++(-\y1+1pt,\y1-1pt) -- ++(2*\x1,0);}},
my elli/.style={blur shadow,ellipse,draw,text=white,path picture={%
\fill[white] let \p1=($(path picture bounding box.north)-(path picture
bounding box.east)$) in ([xshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.east)
to[out=90,in=0,looseness=0.8] ([yshift=-1pt]path picture bounding box.north)
to[out=0,in=90,looseness=0.7] cycle;
}},
shaded triangle/.style={blur shadow,regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3,shape border rotate=0,
inner sep=1pt,draw,inner color=#1!10,outer color=#1}]
    \node[my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc1) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[right=of Glc1,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur1) {MurN Ac};
    \node[right=of Mur1,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc2) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[right=of Glc2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur2) {MurN Ac};
    %
    \node[below=of Mur1,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala1) {L-Ala};
    \node[below left=8mm and 5mm of L-Ala1,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu1)
    {\textsc{d}-Glu};
    \node[below left=8mm and 5mm of D-Glu1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys1)
    {\textsc{l}-Lys};
    \node[right=3mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly1) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly1,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly2) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly2,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly3) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly3,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly4) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly4,my elli,fill=green!80!black] (Gly5) {Gly};
    \node[right=3mm of Gly5,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala1) {D-Ala};
    \node[below=8mm of L-Lys1,my elli,fill=cyan] (D-Ala2) {D-Ala};
    %
    \node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Ala1,my elli,fill=DarkRed] (L-Lys2)
    {\textsc{l}-Lys};
    \node[below left=8mm and -2mm of L-Lys2,my elli,fill=purple] (D-Glu2)
    {\textsc{d}-Glu};
    \node[below left=8mm and -2mm of D-Glu2,my elli,fill=DarkGreen] (L-Ala2) 
    {L-Ala};
    %
    \node[below=of L-Ala2,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur3) {MurN Ac};
    \node[left=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc3) {GlcN Ac};
    \node[left=of Glc3,my hexa,fill=DarkMagenta] (Mur4) {MurN Ac};
    \node[right=of Mur3,my hexa,fill=RoyalBlue] (Glc4) {GlcN Ac};
    %
    \draw (Glc1) -- (Mur1) -- (Glc2) -- (Mur2);
    \draw (Glc2) -- (L-Ala1) -- (D-Glu1) -- (L-Lys1)
    -- (Gly1) -- (Gly2) -- (Gly3) -- (Gly4) -- (Gly5)
    -- (D-Ala1) -- (L-Lys2) -- (D-Glu2) -- (L-Ala2) -- (Mur3) -- 
    (Glc3) -- (Mur4);
    \draw (Mur3) -- (Glc4); 
    \draw (L-Lys1) -- (D-Ala2); 
    % 
    \node[above=5mm of Gly3,shaded triangle=red] (E4) {E4};
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south west) -- ($(Gly2)!0.5!(Gly3)$);
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E4.south east) -- ($(Gly3)!0.5!(Gly4)$);
    \path (Gly5) -- (D-Ala1) coordinate[midway](aux);
    \node[anchor=south,shaded triangle=red] (E5) at (aux|-E4.south) {E5};
    \draw[red,thick,-latex] (E5.south) -- (aux);
    \node[right=2mm of D-Glu1] (txt1) {NH$_2$};
    \node[left=2mm of D-Glu2] (txt2) {NH$_2$};
    \draw (D-Glu1) -- (txt1);
    \draw (D-Glu2) -- (txt2);
    \draw (Glc1.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0) (Mur2.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) 
    (Glc4.east) -- ++ (0.2,0) (Mur4.west) -- ++ (-0.2,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

此最新版本还具有更逼真的阴影，与亮点相反。

Answer