自定义分层框图

Question

我有一张图表，其中块层堆叠在一起，如图所示。

使用此代码：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows, chains, calc}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[start chain=1 going right, start chain=2 going below, node distance=1mm]
\tikzset{
        vert/.style  = {draw, rectangle, minimum width=1.9cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=1.2cm, font=\scriptsize, draw=black, fill=none},
        mid/.style   = {draw, rectangle, minimum width=8cm+3\pgflinewidth, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=8.0cm, font=\scriptsize, draw=black, fill=none},
        infra/.style = {draw, rectangle, minimum width=8cm+3\pgflinewidth, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=8.0cm, font=\scriptsize, draw=black, fill=none}
    }
    \node [name=r1c1, on chain=1, vert] {A};
    \node [name=r1c2, on chain=1, vert] {B};
    \node [name=r1c3, on chain=1, vert] {...};
    \node [name=r1c4, on chain=1, vert] {X};
    \draw let \p1=($(r1c4.east)-(r1c1.west)$), \n1 = {veclen(\x1,\y1)} in node [name=r3c1, on chain=2, mid, anchor=north west, yshift=-1mm, minimum width=\n1-\pgflinewidth] at (r1c1.south west) {Middle};
    \draw let \p1=($(r1c4.east)-(r1c1.west)$), \n1 = {veclen(\x1,\y1)} in node [name=r4c1, on chain=2, infra, minimum width=\n1-\pgflinewidth] {Bottom};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

现在我想在顶部添加另一层四个块（例如 1、2、...、N），每个块的宽度与 A、B、...、X 相同。并且对于每个（垂直）对，例如 1 和 A，绘制一个虚线矩形来包围它们，并将四对（每对由两个垂直块和虚线包围块组成）均匀分布在Middle/Bottom层的宽度上。最后，在整个堆栈图的右侧垂直绘制一个双头箭头，箭头两端分别带有文本Up和。Down

请原谅我的画得不好，但希望下面的图片能说明我想要的

我摆弄了一下链条包，但很难在顶部添加另外四个块。任何建议都将不胜感激

Answer 1

作为起点：

编辑（2）

采用到beamer文档类，这次测试了两次，代码是正确的……

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, calc, chains, fit}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile]  % <---
\frametitle{Test}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 2mm,
  start chain = going right,
   box/.style = {draw, minimum width=#1, minimum height=1cm,
                 text width =\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/minimum width}-2*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/inner xsep},
                 align=center},
   FIT/.style = {draw, dashed, inner sep=0.5mm, fit=#1},
 box/.default = 19mm
                        ]
    \begin{scope}[every node/.append style={box, on chain}]
\node (r1c1)                {1};
\node (r1c2)                {2};
\node (r1c3)    [draw=none] {\dots};
\node (r1c4)                {$n$};
%
\node (r2c1)    [below=of r1c1] {A};
\node (r2c2)                    {B};
\node (r2c3)   [draw=none]      {\dots};
\node (r2c4)                    {X};
    \end{scope}
%
\node[FIT=(r1c1) (r2c1), label=text 1] {};
\node[FIT=(r1c2) (r2c2), label=text 2] {};
\node[FIT=(r1c4) (r2c4), label=text $n$] {};
%
\path   let \p1 = ($(r1c4.east)-(r1c1.west)$),
            \n1 = {veclen(\x1,\y1)} in
    node (r3c1) [box=\n1, below right=1mm and 0mm of r2c1.south west]
                {Middle}
    node (r4c1) [box=\n1, below=of r3c1]    {Bottom};
%
\path[draw=gray, very thick, Straight Barb-Straight Barb]
    ([xshift=7mm] r1c4.north east) node[below right] {Up}
    --
    ([xshift=7mm] r4c1.south east) node[above right] {Down};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

• text width我使用最小宽度参数和所有节点的计算来定义通用样式minimum width。对于较窄的节点，对于较小的节点，定义默认尺寸 19 毫米，对于较宽的节点，通过计算来定义
• 对于虚线节点使用˙fit库
• 对于框中的字体大小，我删除了您的选择\scriptsize。在我看来，框图现在更美观了。