Tikz：在定义的矩形/框中动画创建节点

Question

我想让文本节点自动弹出到投影仪幻灯片中定义的部分/框中的随机位置。目前，我将带有节点文本的字符串存储在数组中，并使用循环遍历该数组foreach。

我的问题：

• 每次循环步骤都会重新计算所有节点位置。由于rand节点位置已显示节点也会获得新坐标。我可以为已显示节点设置固定坐标吗？
• 我如何使用tikzpicture完整的右栏？
• 是否可以通过使每个节点在一定时间后可见来在一张幻灯片/帧上为该覆盖设置动画，而不必单击每个覆盖？

---

平均能量损失

\documentclass{beamer}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}[t]{test}

\begin{columns}
  \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
    \begin{itemize}
      \item Some text
    \end{itemize}
  \end{column}
  \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
    \centering

    \def\namelist{{"test1","test2","test3","test4","test5","test6","test7"}}%

    \tikzset{%
      cloudstyle/.style={%
        cloud,
        cloud puffs=11.5,
        aspect=3,
        align=center,
        inner sep=0pt,
        draw,
        fill=lightgray,
      }%
    }

    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \foreach \i in {0,...,3} {
        \pgfmathtruncatemacro\z{\i+1}
        \visible<\z->{
          \pgfmathsetmacro\mynodename{\namelist[\i]}
          \node[cloudstyle] (\mynodename) at (rand,rand) {\mynodename};
        }
      }
    \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{column}
\end{columns}

\end{frame}

\end{document}

---

它看起来怎么样

Answer 1

在此代码中，使用命令一次性创建列表

\CreateRandomCoordinateList{<list>}{<# of entries>}{<prefactor x>}{<prefactor y>}

第二个技巧是给图片添加一个边界框，否则节点看起来会跳跃。（也可以编写一个没有边界框的解决方案。）下面生成一个动画。要使其自动动画，请acroread在全屏模式下使用。\transduration<2-6>{1}表示步骤之间有 1 秒。

\documentclass{beamer}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,overlay-beamer-styles}
\newcommand{\CreateRandomCoordinateList}[4]{
\foreach \X in {1,...,#2}
 {\pgfmathsetmacro{\myx}{rand*#3}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\myy}{rand*#4}
\ifnum\X=1
 \xdef#1{(\myx,\myy)}
\else
 \xdef#1{#1,(\myx,\myy)}
\fi}    
}
\begin{document}
\CreateRandomCoordinateList{\lstRnd}{6}{2}{2}
%\typeout{\lstRnd}
\newcount\NumClouds
\begin{frame}[t]{test}
\animate<2-6>
\animatevalue<1-6>{\NumClouds}{1}{6}  
\transduration<2-6>{1}
\begin{columns}
  \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
    \begin{itemize}
      \item Some text
    \end{itemize}
  \end{column}
  \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
    \centering

    \edef\namelist{{"test1","test2","test3","test4","test5","test6","test7"}}%

    \tikzset{%
      cloudstyle/.style={%
        cloud,
        cloud puffs=11.5,
        aspect=3,
        align=center,
        inner sep=0pt,
        draw,
        fill=lightgray,
      }%
    }

    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \path[use as bounding box] (-1,-1) rectangle (3,3);
      \foreach \Coord [count=\z,evaluate=\z as \i using {int(\z-1)}] in
      \lstRnd {
          \pgfmathsetmacro\mynodename{\namelist[\i]}
          \ifnum\i<\NumClouds
            \node[cloudstyle] (\mynodename) at \Coord {\mynodename};
          \fi
      }
    \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{column}
\end{columns}

\end{frame}

\end{document}

这是我使用的一个小变化杰克的代码建立一个坐标列表，使得云不会重叠。

\documentclass{beamer}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,overlay-beamer-styles}
% from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/87518/121799
\def\xlist{2}
\def\ylist{2}

\newcommand{\fillrandomly}[4]{
    \pgfmathsetmacro\diameter{#3*2}
    %\draw (0,0) rectangle (#1,#2);
    \foreach \i in {1,...,#4}{
        \pgfmathsetmacro\x{rnd*#1}
        \pgfmathsetmacro\y{rnd*#2}
        \xdef\collision{0}
        \foreach \element [count=\i] in \xlist{
            \pgfmathtruncatemacro\j{\i-1}
            \pgfmathsetmacro\checkdistance{ sqrt( 0.25*({\xlist}[\j]-(\x))^2 + ({\ylist}[\j]-(\y))^2 ) }
            \ifdim\checkdistance pt<\diameter pt
                \xdef\collision{1}
                \breakforeach
            \fi
        }
        \ifnum\collision=0
            \xdef\xlist{\xlist,\x}
            \xdef\ylist{\ylist,\y}
            %\draw [red, thick] (\x,\y) circle [radius=#3];
        \fi 

    }
}



\begin{document}
% creates random list
\fillrandomly{6}{8}{0.6}{7}
%\typeout{xlist=\xlist,ylist=\ylist}

\begin{frame}[t]{test}

\begin{columns}
  \begin{column}{0.39\textwidth}
    \begin{itemize}
      \item Some text
    \end{itemize}
  \end{column}
  \begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
    \centering

    \edef\namelist{{"test1","test2","test3","test4","test5","test6","test7"}}%

    \tikzset{%
      cloudstyle/.style={%
        cloud,
        cloud puffs=11.5,
        aspect=3,
        align=center,
        inner sep=0pt,
        draw,
        fill=lightgray,
      }%
    }

    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5]
      \path[use as bounding box] (-1,-1) rectangle (7,9);
      \foreach \X [count=\z,evaluate=\z as \i using {int(\z-1)}] in
      \xlist {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\Y}{{\ylist}[\i]}
        \pgfmathsetmacro\mynodename{\namelist[\i]}
        %\typeout{x=\X,y=\Y,name=\mynodename}
        \node[cloudstyle,visible on=<\z->] (\mynodename) at (\X,\Y) {\mynodename};
      }
    \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{column}
\end{columns}

\end{frame}

\end{document}