我想在新系统的安装中复制针对我的系统当前配置所做的 Debian 安装选择。
Debian 可以通过“预配置”（又名“preseed”）文件进行预配置，该文件基本上包含安装程序将提出的问题的答案。
这文档指出从现有 Debian 安装创建预配置文件的一种方法是：
...使用
debconf-get-selectionsdebconf-utils 包将 debconf 数据库和安装程序的 cdebconf 数据库转储到单个文件中：
$ debconf-get-selections --installer > file
$ debconf-get-selections >> file
但它随后立即补充道：
但是，以这种方式生成的文件将包含一些不应预置的项目......
该文档没有详细说明那些不应预置的项目是什么。
有人可以详细说明一下吗？
作为说明，下面我包含了从上面两个命令获得的输出的第二个字段，其中我只保留了以 开头的行d-i以及注释，有时为了简洁而被截断。 （只保留以开头的配置行的原因d-i是在预配置文件示例由 Debian 提供，仅出现此类行。）
# Check the integrity of another CD-ROM?
cdrom-checker/nextcd
# Web server started, but network not running
save-logs/no_network
# for internal use only
debian-installer/consoledisplay
debian-installer/shell-plugin
# Country, territory or area:
# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ...
localechooser/shortlist
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include_command
# Country of origin for the keyboard:
# Choices:
keyboard-configuration/layout
# Choices: Canada, Mexico, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, United ...
localechooser/countrylist/North_America
# Choices: Greece, Cyprus, other
localechooser/shortlist/el
# Keyboard layout:
# Choices:
keyboard-configuration/variant
# Choices: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Bu...
localechooser/countrylist/Africa
# Choices: Finland, Sweden, other
localechooser/shortlist/sv
# Keep default keyboard options ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options
# Choices: Cyprus, Turkey, other
localechooser/shortlist/tr
# Interactive shell
di-utils-shell/do-shell
# for internal use only
# Choices: stable, testing, unstable
cdrom/suite
# Choose an installation step:
# Choices:
debian-installer/missing-provide
# Check CD-ROM integrity?
cdrom-checker/start
# Failed to retrieve the preconfiguration file
preseed/retrieve_error
# Directory in which to save debug logs:
save-logs/directory
# for internal use only
debconf/showold
# Failed to open checksum file
cdrom-checker/md5file_failed
# Choices: Andorra, Spain, France, Italy, other
localechooser/shortlist/ca
# Write the changes to the storage devices and configure RAID...
partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite
# PCMCIA resource range options:
hw-detect/pcmcia_resources
# Failed to mount the floppy
save-logs/floppy_mount_failed
# for internal use only
debconf/language
# Choices: China, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, other
localechooser/shortlist/zh_TW
# Dummy template for preseeding unavailable questions
debian-installer/dummy
# Additional parameters for module :
hw-detect/retry_params
# Incorrect CD-ROM detected
cdrom-detect/wrong-cd
# for internal use; can be preseeded
cdrom-detect/eject
# Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, E...
localechooser/shortlist/es
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/run
# Write the changes to disks and configure LVM?
partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite
# Cannot save logs
save-logs/bad_directory
# Choices: Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland, ...
localechooser/shortlist/fr
# Insufficient memory
lowmem/insufficient
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/optionscode
# Choices: China, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, other
localechooser/shortlist/zh_CN
# Load missing firmware from removable media?
hw-detect/load_firmware
# Choices: Italy, Switzerland, other
localechooser/shortlist/it
# Choices: Antarctica
localechooser/countrylist/Antarctica
# Choose the next step in the install process:
# Choices: Choose language, Configure the speech synthesizer ...
debian-installer/main-menu
# Failed to load installer component
anna/install_failed
# Choices: Russian Federation, Ukraine, other
localechooser/shortlist/ru
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/modelcode
# Entering low memory mode
lowmem/low
# Choices: Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Algeria, Sy...
localechooser/shortlist/ar
# Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options
# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Botswana, Canada, ...
localechooser/shortlist/en
# Method for toggling between national and Latin mode:
# Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right...
keyboard-configuration/toggle
# for internal use only
anna/retriever
# Choices: Curaçao
localechooser/countrylist/other
# Choices: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Be...
localechooser/countrylist/Europe
# locale
localechooser/help/locale
# Load CD-ROM drivers from removable media?
cdrom-detect/load_media
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/framebuffer
# for internal use
espeakup/voice
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include
# Error reading Release file
cdrom-detect/no-release
# Ignore questions with a priority less than:
# Choices: critical, high, medium, low
debconf/priority
# Key to function as AltGr:
# Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,...
keyboard-configuration/altgr
# CD-ROM detected
cdrom-detect/success
# Choices: Bouvet Island, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Saint ...
localechooser/countrylist/Atlantic_Ocean
# Continue the install without loading kernel modules?
anna/no_kernel_modules
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/exit/poweroff
# Choices: Bangladesh, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/bn
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/include/checksum
# Integrity test failed
cdrom-checker/mismatch
# Load missing drivers from removable media?
hw-detect/load_media
# Keep default keyboard layout ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout
# Start PC card services?
hw-detect/start_pcmcia
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/add-kernel-opts
# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/protocol
# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/left
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/layoutcode
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db
# Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other
localechooser/shortlist/pt
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/early_command
# for internal use only
debian-installer/exit/always_halt
# Choices: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Caribbea...
localechooser/continentlist
# Insert Debian boot CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/firstcd
# How should the debug logs be saved or transferred?
# Choices: floppy, web, mounted file system
save-logs/menu
# for internal use; can be preseeded
rescue/enable
# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/cdrom_fs
# Insert formatted floppy in drive
save-logs/insert_floppy
# Translations temporarily not available
localechooser/translation/none-yet
# Keymap to use:
# Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang...
keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap
# for internal use; can be preseeded
mouse/device
# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/hybrid
# for internal use only
debconf/translations-dropped
# Country to base default locale settings on:
# Choices: Antigua and Barbuda${!TAB}-${!TAB}en_AG, Australia...
localechooser/preferred-locale
# Choices: Spain, France, other
localechooser/shortlist/eu
# Choices: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuad...
localechooser/countrylist/South_America
# Failed to mount CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/mntfailed
# Retry mounting the CD-ROM?
cdrom-detect/retry
# Choices: Serbia, Montenegro, other
localechooser/shortlist/sr
# Module needed for accessing the CD-ROM:
# Choices:
cdrom-detect/cdrom_module
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/file
# for internal use; can be preseeded
hw-detect/load-ide
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/interactive
# Installation step failed
debian-installer/main-menu/item-failure
# Error while running ''
hw-detect/modprobe_error
# Choices: Pakistan, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/pa
# Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server?
keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp
# Choices: China, India, other
localechooser/shortlist/bo
# Language:
# Choices: C${!TAB}-${!TAB}No localization, Albanian${!TAB}-$...
localechooser/languagelist
# Installer components to load:
# Choices:
anna/choose_modules_lowmem
# for internal use only
debian-installer/language
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/variantcode
# Choices: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bar...
localechooser/countrylist/Caribbean
# Language selection no longer possible
localechooser/translation/no-select
# Failed to copy file from CD-ROM. Retry?
retriever/cdrom/error
# Choices: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei D...
localechooser/countrylist/Asia
# Write the changes to disk and configure encrypted volumes?
partman-crypto/confirm_nooverwrite
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/country
# No valid Debian CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/wrongcd
# Choices: Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Austr...
localechooser/shortlist/de
# for internal use; can be preseeded
anna/standard_modules
# Failed to process the preconfiguration file
preseed/load_error
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/file/checksum
# Device file for accessing the CD-ROM:
cdrom-detect/cdrom_device
# for internal use; can be preseeded
directfb/hw-accel
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated
# Continue the installation in the selected language?
localechooser/translation/warn-severe
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/theme
# Choices: American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Fre...
localechooser/countrylist/Oceania
# Are you sure you want to exit now?
di-utils-reboot/really_reboot
# Choices: Brazil, Portugal, other
localechooser/shortlist/pt_BR
# for internal use only
debconf/frontend
# for internal use; can be preseeded
debian-installer/exit/halt
# Choices: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hondur...
localechooser/countrylist/Central_America
# Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout
# Compose key:
# Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ...
keyboard-configuration/compose
# Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ...
# Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al...
keyboard-configuration/switch
# Installer components to load:
# Choices: cfdisk-udeb: Manually partition a hard drive (cfdi...
anna/choose_modules
# Integrity test successful
cdrom-checker/passed
# Manually select a CD-ROM module and device?
cdrom-detect/manual_config
# Terminal plugin not available
debian-installer/terminal-plugin-unavailable
# Insert a Debian CD-ROM
cdrom-checker/askmount
# Additional locales:
# Choices: aa_DJ.UTF-8, aa_DJ, aa_ER, aa_ER@saaho, aa_ET, af_...
localechooser/supported-locales
# for internal use only
cdrom-detect/usb-hdd
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/late_command
# Failed to run preseeded command
preseed/command_failed
# Modules to load:
# Choices:
hw-detect/select_modules
# Keyboard model:
# Choices:
keyboard-configuration/model
# Continue the installation in the selected language?
localechooser/translation/warn-light
# Choices: Aruba, Belgium, Netherlands, other
localechooser/shortlist/nl
# for internal use only
cdrom/codename
# Choices: British Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas Island, ...
localechooser/countrylist/Indian_Ocean
# for internal use; can be preseeded
preseed/boot_command
# Web server started
save-logs/httpd_running
# System locale:
# Choices:
debian-installer/locale
# Choices: Macedonia\, Republic of, Albania, other
localechooser/shortlist/sq
# Country of origin for the keyboard:
# Choices:
keyboard-configuration/layout
# Keymap to use:
# Choices: American English, Albanian, Arabic, Asturian, Bang...
keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap
# Keyboard layout:
# Choices: English (US), English (US) - Cherokee, English (US...
keyboard-configuration/variant
# Keep default keyboard options ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_options
# Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server?
keyboard-configuration/ctrl_alt_bksp
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/variantcode
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/optionscode
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/modelcode
# Keep current keyboard options in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_options
# Keep the current keyboard layout in the configuration file?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_config_layout
# Method for toggling between national and Latin mode:
# Choices: Caps Lock, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, Right...
keyboard-configuration/toggle
# Compose key:
# Choices: No compose key, Right Alt (AltGr), Right Control, ...
keyboard-configuration/compose
# Method for temporarily toggling between national and Latin ...
# Choices: No temporary switch, Both Logo keys, Right Alt (Al...
keyboard-configuration/switch
# Key to function as AltGr:
# Choices: The default for the keyboard layout, No AltGr key,...
keyboard-configuration/altgr
# Keep default keyboard layout ()?
keyboard-configuration/unsupported_layout
# Keyboard model:
# Choices: A4Tech KB-21, A4Tech KBS-8, A4Tech Wireless Deskto...
keyboard-configuration/model
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/layoutcode
# for internal use
keyboard-configuration/store_defaults_in_debconf_db
答案1
简短回答
不要处理 debconf-get-selections (--installer) 生成的 preseed.cfg，而是从中获取值并用它们修改示例 preseed 文件。
这预置示例Debian 提供的文件应该足以启动，但您可以在同一 wiki 页面上找到许多由不同的人出于不同目的提供的其他预置文件。
少简答
在您发布的 debconf 问题列表中，每个带有注释“供内部使用”而没有“可以预置”的问题不应被预置。
但是许多其他 debconf 问题可能无法通过预置文件预先回答，例如与硬件相关的问题（如果您想在不同的硬件上运行安装）、记录一些自动配置失败或成功的问题（这可以在某些特殊情况下可以预先设定，但可以毫无问题地通过自动过程来回答）。
debconf-get-selections 的输出包含许多大多数人从未见过并且（不应该）关心的自动回答问题。随着时间的推移，随着新的硬件、软件、更好的检测或新的可能性的出现，这种自动选择正在发生变化。重要的是要尽可能少地接触自动配置，以便从 debian-installer 的所有改进中受益，并能够随着时间的推移和不同的硬件将预置文件所需的更改保持在最低限度。