如何使用 tikz 优化此图表代码

Question 1

如何避免重复？有很多方法，但这里我重点关注

\foreach循环，
风格，
pics

第一个图形可以用两个嵌套\foreach循环来绘制，其中重复指令存储在样式中。第二个图形使用带有命名子节点的 pic，这些子节点会旋转。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}    
\usepackage{tikz}       

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
 minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Xmax}{5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Ymax}{4}
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX] in {1,...,\Xmax}
 {\foreach \Y [remember=\Y as \LastY] in {1,...,\Ymax}
  {
   \node[bullet] (X\X\Y) at (2*\X,2*\Y){};
   \ifnum\Y>1
    \draw [-latex,blue]  (X\X\LastY) -- (X\X\Y);
   \else
    \draw [dashed,latex-,blue]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,-2);
   \fi
   \ifnum\X>1
    \draw [-latex]  (X\LastX\Y) -- (X\X\Y);
   \else
    \draw [dashed,latex-]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(-2,0);
   \fi
   \ifnum\Y=\Ymax
    \draw [dashed,-latex,blue]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,2);
   \fi
   \ifnum\X=\Xmax
    \draw [dashed,-latex]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(2,0);
   \fi
  }
 }
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

%AND THIS OTHER


\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
 minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
 \tikzset{pics/.cd,
 tricle/.style={code={
 \draw (0,0) node[bullet] (-A){} (2,0) node[bullet] (-B){} (0,2) node[bullet]
 (-C){};
 \draw[latex-] (-A) -- (-B);
 \draw[latex-] (-B) -- (-C);
 \draw[latex-] (-C) -- (-A);
 }}}
  \foreach \X in {1,...,4}
  {\path (-45+\X*90:2cm) pic[rotate=-90+\X*90] (T-\X) {tricle};}
  \foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 4)] in {1,...,4}
  { \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex] (T-\X-B) -- (T-\LastX-C);}
  \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(134)},{e},{(243)},{(13)(24)}}
  { \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-C.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
  \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(14)(23)},{(123)},{(12)(34)},{(142)}}
  { \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-B.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
  \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-1-A) node[left] {(124)}
  -- (T-3-A) node[right]{(143)};
  \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-2-A) node[right] {(132)}
  -- (T-4-A) node[left]{(234)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Answer

如何避免重复？有很多方法，但这里我重点关注

\foreach循环，
风格，
pics

第一个图形可以用两个嵌套\foreach循环来绘制，其中重复指令存储在样式中。第二个图形使用带有命名子节点的 pic，这些子节点会旋转。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}    
\usepackage{tikz}       

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
 minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Xmax}{5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\Ymax}{4}
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX] in {1,...,\Xmax}
 {\foreach \Y [remember=\Y as \LastY] in {1,...,\Ymax}
  {
   \node[bullet] (X\X\Y) at (2*\X,2*\Y){};
   \ifnum\Y>1
    \draw [-latex,blue]  (X\X\LastY) -- (X\X\Y);
   \else
    \draw [dashed,latex-,blue]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,-2);
   \fi
   \ifnum\X>1
    \draw [-latex]  (X\LastX\Y) -- (X\X\Y);
   \else
    \draw [dashed,latex-]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(-2,0);
   \fi
   \ifnum\Y=\Ymax
    \draw [dashed,-latex,blue]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(0,2);
   \fi
   \ifnum\X=\Xmax
    \draw [dashed,-latex]  (X\X\Y) -- ++(2,0);
   \fi
  }
 }
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

%AND THIS OTHER


\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,bullet/.style={inner sep=0pt,
 minimum size=4pt,circle,fill=black!40,draw=black!80}]
 \tikzset{pics/.cd,
 tricle/.style={code={
 \draw (0,0) node[bullet] (-A){} (2,0) node[bullet] (-B){} (0,2) node[bullet]
 (-C){};
 \draw[latex-] (-A) -- (-B);
 \draw[latex-] (-B) -- (-C);
 \draw[latex-] (-C) -- (-A);
 }}}
  \foreach \X in {1,...,4}
  {\path (-45+\X*90:2cm) pic[rotate=-90+\X*90] (T-\X) {tricle};}
  \foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 4)] in {1,...,4}
  { \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex] (T-\X-B) -- (T-\LastX-C);}
  \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(134)},{e},{(243)},{(13)(24)}}
  { \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-C.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
  \foreach \X [count=\Y] in {{(14)(23)},{(123)},{(12)(34)},{(142)}}
  { \node[anchor=\Y*90+135] at (T-\Y-B.{\Y*90-45}) {\X};}
  \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-1-A) node[left] {(124)}
  -- (T-3-A) node[right]{(143)};
  \draw[dashed,red,latex-latex,text=black] (T-2-A) node[right] {(132)}
  -- (T-4-A) node[left]{(234)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Question 2

第一个图：

我创建了节点而不是像代码中那样的点，因为它允许您绘制从边到边的箭头而不穿过节点。

第二幅图：

如果不理解第二幅图中节点文本编号的逻辑，就可以简化节点创建的代码，但不能简化其文本的代码。 除非你解释这个编号逻辑。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}    

\begin{document}

\tikzset{noeud/.style={circle,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=4pt,outer sep=0pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,tips= on proper draw]

% Creation of nodes
\foreach \x in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
    \foreach \y in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
        \node[noeud] at (\x,\y)(\x-\y){};
        }
    }
% Inside arrows between the nodes.  
\foreach \x [remember =\x as \lastx (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
    \foreach \y [remember =\y as \lasty (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
            \node[noeud,draw,fill=black!40,draw=black!80] at (\x,\y){};
            \draw[-latex] (\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
            \draw[-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
            }
    }       

% Horizontal external arrows.
\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \lastx using int(\x-2)] in {1,11}{
    \foreach \y in {1,3,...,9}{
    \draw[dashed,-latex](\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
    }
}

% Vertical external arrows. 
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \lasty using int(\y-2)] in {1,11}{
    \foreach \x in {1,3,...,9}{
    \draw[dashed,-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
    }
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer

第一个图：

我创建了节点而不是像代码中那样的点，因为它允许您绘制从边到边的箭头而不穿过节点。

第二幅图：

如果不理解第二幅图中节点文本编号的逻辑，就可以简化节点创建的代码，但不能简化其文本的代码。 除非你解释这个编号逻辑。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}    

\begin{document}

\tikzset{noeud/.style={circle,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=4pt,outer sep=0pt}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=.6cm, x=.6cm,font=\small,tips= on proper draw]

% Creation of nodes
\foreach \x in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
    \foreach \y in {-1,1,...,9,11}{
        \node[noeud] at (\x,\y)(\x-\y){};
        }
    }
% Inside arrows between the nodes.  
\foreach \x [remember =\x as \lastx (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
    \foreach \y [remember =\y as \lasty (initially 1)] in {1,3,...,9}{
            \node[noeud,draw,fill=black!40,draw=black!80] at (\x,\y){};
            \draw[-latex] (\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
            \draw[-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
            }
    }       

% Horizontal external arrows.
\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \lastx using int(\x-2)] in {1,11}{
    \foreach \y in {1,3,...,9}{
    \draw[dashed,-latex](\lastx-\y)--(\x-\y);
    }
}

% Vertical external arrows. 
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \lasty using int(\y-2)] in {1,11}{
    \foreach \x in {1,3,...,9}{
    \draw[dashed,-latex,blue](\x-\lasty)--(\x-\y);
    }
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

如何使用 tikz 优化此图表代码

答案1

答案2

第一个图：

第二幅图：

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