![将长表达式左移到环境中](https://linux22.com/image/392544/%E5%B0%86%E9%95%BF%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F%E5%B7%A6%E7%A7%BB%E5%88%B0%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%AD.png)
在环境中移动的可能替代方案有哪些,第二个等式都在左边?这是我的 MWE:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
F_{x}+q\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}\frac{dx}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\frac{dy}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}\frac{dz}{dt}\right]= -q\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+q u_{x}\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}+q u_{y}\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}+q u_{z}\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}& \notag\\
\intertext{cioe'}
F_{x}=q\left\{ -\left[\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}\right]+u_{y}\left[\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\right]-u_{z}\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\right]\right\}&.\notag\\
\end{align*}
\end{document}
答案1
没有理由在align
不对齐的情况下使用。
我会选择标准
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
F_{x}+q\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}\frac{dx}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\frac{dy}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}\frac{dz}{dt}\right]= -q\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+q u_{x}\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}+q u_{y}\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}+q u_{z}\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}
\end{equation*}
cioè
\begin{equation*}
F_{x}=q\left\{ -\left[\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}\right]+u_{y}\left[\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\right]-u_{z}\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\right]\right\}.
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
如果要对齐两者F_x
,方法是将对齐点固定在它们上:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
&F_{x}+q\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}\frac{dx}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\frac{dy}{dt}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}\frac{dz}{dt}\right]= -q\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+q u_{x}\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}+q u_{y}\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}+q u_{z}\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\\
\intertext{cioè}
&F_{x}=q\left\{ -\left[\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}\right]+u_{y}\left[\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\right]-u_{z}\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\right]\right\}.
\end{align*}
\end{document}
请注意,这\notag
是多余的,因为align*
首先没有对方程进行编号。还要记住必须有不是为尾随的\\
,这会导致不必要的垂直空间(以及带有的虚假方程数align
)。
这是一个完善的版本,用宏代替了所有这些\partial
命令,并且有两个选项。
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\newcommand{\der}[2]{%
\frac{d#1}{d#2}%
}
\newcommand{\pder}[2]{%
\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}%
}
\begin{document}
\section{\texttt{align}}
\begin{align*}
&F_{x}+q\left[\pder{A_{x}}{t}+\pder{A_{x}}{x}\der{x}{t}
+\pder{A_{x}}{y}\frac{dy}{dt}+\pder{A_{x}}{z}\der{z}{t}\right]
=-q\pder{\varphi}{x}+q u_{x}\pder{A_{x}}{x}+q u_{y}\pder{A_{y}}{x}
+q u_{z}\pder{A_{z}}{x}
\intertext{cioè}
&F_{x}=
q\left\{
-\left[\pder{\varphi}{x}+\pder{A_{x}}{t}\right]
+u_{y}\left[\pder{A_{y}}{x}-\pder{A_{x}}{y}\right]
-u_{z}\left[\pder{A_{x}}{z}-\pder{A_{z}}{x}\right]
\right\}.
\end{align*}
\section{\texttt{equation}}
\begin{equation*}
F_{x}+q\left[\pder{A_{x}}{t}+\pder{A_{x}}{x}\frac{dx}{dt}
+\pder{A_{x}}{y}\frac{dy}{dt}+\pder{A_{x}}{z}\frac{dz}{dt}\right]
=-q\pder{\varphi}{x}+q u_{x}\pder{A_{x}}{x}+q u_{y}\pder{A_{y}}{x}
+q u_{z}\pder{A_{z}}{x}
\end{equation*}
cioè
\begin{equation*}
F_{x}=
q\left\{
-\left[\pder{\varphi}{x}+\pder{A_{x}}{t}\right]
+u_{y}\left[\pder{A_{y}}{x}-\pder{A_{x}}{y}\right]
-u_{z}\left[\pder{A_{x}}{z}-\pder{A_{z}}{x}\right]
\right\}.
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
答案2
我会将两个&
对齐点放在每行的最开始处。
另外两点说明:(a)将&
符号放在每行的最末端相当于根本不提供任何对齐点,这反过来意味着方程式将在右端对齐。(b)在环境\notag
中使用这些指令时,除了造成代码混乱之外,什么也不做align*
。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[italian]{babel}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} % choose suitable page size parameters
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
&F_{x}+q\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}
+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}\frac{dx}{dt}
+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\frac{dy}{dt}
+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}\frac{dz}{dt}\right]=
-q\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}
+q u_{x}\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial x}
+q u_{y}\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}
+q u_{z}\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\\
\intertext{cio\`e}
&F_{x}=q\left\{ -\left[\frac{\partial\varphi}{\partial x}
+\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial t}\right]
+u_{y}\left[\frac{\partial A_{y}}{\partial x}
-\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial y}\right]
-u_{z}\left[\frac{\partial A_{x}}{\partial z}
-\frac{\partial A_{z}}{\partial x}\right]\right\}.
\end{align*}
\end{document}