我不知道为什么章节标题和文本开头之间有这么多空格。我revtex4-1对其他文档使用相同的“模板”和类，它工作正常。
\documentclass[twocolumn,prl,nobalancelastpage,aps,10pt] {revtex4-1}
%\documentclass[rmp,preprint]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx,bm,times}
\usepackage{subfig}
\graphicspath{ {C:/Varie/UNI/MANO/primosemestre/fraboni/esperimenti/RT/pictures/} }
\begin{document}
\title{Electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range $120K$ - $400K$}
\author{...}
\affiliation{...}
\begin{abstract}
We observed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range between $200K$ and $400K$. It resulted to be linear in the whole range for Cu and Ni. The one of the Ge exhibited this linear behaviour only up to $300K$ showing an exponential decay above. We also estimated the energy gap $E_g$ of Ge which resulted to be equal to $E_g=$
\end{abstract}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of the electrical resistance of two metals, Copper and Nickel, and of a doped semiconductor, the Germanium, as a function of the temperature. Furthermore our measurements allowed us to estimate the energy gap of the Germanium.
%The two metals showed a linear dependence while the semiconductor has two different behaviour. Through our measuments
\\
The starting point of our discussion are ...
答案1
让我们首先查看您更正后的 mwe 以重现问题。请注意，我删除了一些不需要此问题的包，并且请注意该包times已过时。为了找到问题，我The starting point of our discussion are ...多次使用了您的 mwe，因为\blindtext我无法定义显示您的问题所需的行。
我标记了 <=========相关代码：
\documentclass[twocolumn,prl,nobalancelastpage,aps,10pt] {revtex4-1}
%\documentclass[rmp,preprint]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{times} % <======================================== outdated!
\usepackage{blindtext} % <============================ to add dummy text
\begin{document}
\title{Electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range $120K$ - $400K$}
\author{...}
\affiliation{...}
\begin{abstract}
We observed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range between $200K$ and $400K$. It resulted to be linear in the whole range for Cu and Ni. The one of the Ge exhibited this linear behaviour only up to $300K$ showing an exponential decay above. We also estimated the energy gap $E_g$ of Ge which resulted to be equal to $E_g=$
\end{abstract}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of the electrical resistance of two metals, Copper and Nickel, and of a doped semiconductor, the Germanium, as a function of the temperature. Furthermore our measurements allowed us to estimate the energy gap of the Germanium.
%The two metals showed a linear dependence while the semiconductor has two different behaviour. Through our measuments
\\
The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... % <====================
\blindtext % <==========================================================
\blindtext
\Blinddocument
\end{document}
结果是（红色箭头表示罪魁祸首）：
出现较大的空白是因为 LaTeX 试图填充整个左列，因为你的类使用了\flushbottom，这意味着列的最后一行必须位于列的底部。你可以使用\raggedbottom来强制不平衡列。
梅威瑟：
\documentclass[twocolumn,prl,nobalancelastpage,aps,10pt] {revtex4-1}
%\documentclass[rmp,preprint]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{times} % <======================================== outdated!
\usepackage{blindtext} % <============================ to add dummy text
\raggedbottom % <=======================================================
\begin{document}
\title{Electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range $120K$ - $400K$}
\author{...}
\affiliation{...}
\begin{abstract}
We observed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range between $200K$ and $400K$. It resulted to be linear in the whole range for Cu and Ni. The one of the Ge exhibited this linear behaviour only up to $300K$ showing an exponential decay above. We also estimated the energy gap $E_g$ of Ge which resulted to be equal to $E_g=$
\end{abstract}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of the electrical resistance of two metals, Copper and Nickel, and of a doped semiconductor, the Germanium, as a function of the temperature. Furthermore our measurements allowed us to estimate the energy gap of the Germanium.
%The two metals showed a linear dependence while the semiconductor has two different behaviour. Through our measuments
\\
The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... % <====================
\blindtext % <==========================================================
\blindtext
\Blinddocument
\end{document}
结果：
现在白色空间位于列的底部。
如果您不喜欢，您需要重新措辞第一列中的文本以使其适合。
例如，如果你删除一个The starting point of our discussion are ...带注释的句子\raggedbottom，你会得到以下代码
\documentclass[twocolumn,prl,nobalancelastpage,aps,10pt] {revtex4-1}
%\documentclass[rmp,preprint]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage[latin9]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{times} % <======================================== outdated!
\usepackage{blindtext} % <============================ to add dummy text
%\raggedbottom % <=======================================================
\begin{document}
\title{Electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range $120K$ - $400K$}
\author{...}
\affiliation{...}
\begin{abstract}
We observed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range between $200K$ and $400K$. It resulted to be linear in the whole range for Cu and Ni. The one of the Ge exhibited this linear behaviour only up to $300K$ showing an exponential decay above. We also estimated the energy gap $E_g$ of Ge which resulted to be equal to $E_g=$
\end{abstract}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of the electrical resistance of two metals, Copper and Nickel, and of a doped semiconductor, the Germanium, as a function of the temperature. Furthermore our measurements allowed us to estimate the energy gap of the Germanium.
%The two metals showed a linear dependence while the semiconductor has two different behaviour. Through our measuments
\\
The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... The starting point of our discussion are ... % <====================
\blindtext % <==========================================================
\blindtext
\Blinddocument
\end{document}
结果：
有时重新措辞比其他一切都更有效......
答案2
评论范围太广：我无法重现您的问题。使用您的代码，我稍微改变了前言（这些变化对您的问题没有影响）我得到以下结果：
我使用最新版本的 MikTeX 进行测试。所以，看看你的 LaTeX 安装是否是最新的。
离题：我建议package for writing chemical elements and formulas, and对所有带单位的值使用 ˙mchem siunitx`。请参阅下面在 MWE 中的用法：
\documentclass[twocolumn,prl,nobalancelastpage,aps]{revtex4-1}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage[version=4]{mhchem}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\title{Electrical resistance of Cu, Ni and Ge in the range 120\,K to 400\,K}
\author{...}
\affiliation{...}
\begin{abstract}
We observed the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of \ce{Cu}, \ce{Ni} and \ce{Ge} in the range between \SIrange{200}{400}{\kelvin}. It resulted to be linear in the whole range for \ce{Cu} and \ce{Ni}. The one of the Ge exhibited this linear behaviour only up to $300K$ showing an exponential decay above. We also estimated the energy gap $E_g$ of Ge which resulted to be equal to $E_g=?$.
\end{abstract}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
\section{INTRODUCTION}
The aim of this study is to observe the dependence of the electrical resistance of two metals, Copper and Nickel, and of a doped semiconductor, the Germanium, as a function of the temperature. Furthermore our measurements allowed us to estimate the energy gap of the Germanium.
\lipsum[1-3]
\section{The second section}
\lipsum[4-5]
\end{document}