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使用 Axis 环境时调整 Tikzpicture 大小

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使用 Axis 环境时调整 Tikzpicture 大小

下面是两个通用网格的示例，一个使用axis中的环境制作tikz，另一个则没有：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[
color= black, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\end{axis}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{figure}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-5,0) -- (5,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

\end{document}

输出如下：

在此处输入图片描述

我们可以看到，使用该axis环境创建的网格比未使用该环境创建的网格要小。该网格在 x 轴和 y 轴上的范围均为 (-5,5)，但如果我增加该区间（例如增加到 (-7,7)），使用该环境创建的网格axis的整体大小不会改变，而未使用该环境创建的网格则会改变。以下是示例：

在此处输入图片描述

我的问题是，有没有办法缩小第二个，以便它始终具有相同的宽度，而不管轴间隔如何，与第一个类似？我知道您可以手动缩小轴，但缩放因子将根据轴的间隔而变化，因此这是不可取的。

编辑

这是我在玩@marmot 的答案时发生的一些奇怪的事情：

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document}

%First "figure" with graphs 1 and 2 paired up
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[
scale=1,
color= black!50, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 1}}

\end{axis}

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};

\end{tikzpicture} \hspace{1cm}
\ifdefined\myscale
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscale{1}
\fi
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale]

 \clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
 \draw[black, opacity=0.10] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
 \draw[<->,black!25,-latex] (0,-4.9) -- (0,4.9);
 \draw[<->,black!25,-latex] (-4.9,0) -- (4.9,0);
 \node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 2}}

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscale}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscale{\myscale}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscale{\myscale}\relax}
\makeatother

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

%Second "figure" with graphs 3 and 4 paired up
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[scale=0.75,
color= black, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 3}};

\end{axis}
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering
\ifdefined\myscale
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscale{1}
\fi

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-5,0) -- (5,0);

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 4}};

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscale}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscale{\myscale}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscale{\myscale}\relax}
\makeatother

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

输出如下：

在此处输入图片描述

现在，我的理解是，如果改变图 3 的比例，那么图 4 的比例也会随之改变。但事实并非如此，实际上要改变的是图 2！

答案1

这将第二个元素的宽度设置tikzpicture为与第一个元素的宽度相等。它使用以下方法这个帖子类似于这个答案。测量两个 s 的宽度tikzpicture，并根据它们的比率计算出适当的比例因子。此比例因子写入辅助文件中并在下次运行中读取，这就是您需要多次运行该文件的原因。请注意，如果您知道/设置了第一个图的宽度（您可以使用设置它\pgfplotsset{width=...}）和xmin第二xmax个图的宽度，则可以直接计算比例因子。这个答案假设您不走这条路。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[
color= black, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\end{axis}
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{figure}

\centering
\ifdefined\myscale
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscale{1}
\fi
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-5,0) -- (5,0);
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscale}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscale{\myscale}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscale{\myscale}\relax}
\makeatother
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如果我在我的计算机上添加scale=0.5选项，就会发生这种情况axis。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[scale=0.5,
color= black, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\end{axis}
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{figure}

\centering
\ifdefined\myscale
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscale{1}
\fi
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-5,0) -- (5,0);
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscale}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscale{\myscale}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscale{\myscale}\relax}
\makeatother
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

对您的附录的另一个回应：如果您有两个图表，则需要使用两个独立的比例因子。（并且和;中缺少一些。）\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 1}}\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 2}}

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document}

%First "figure" with graphs 1 and 2 paired up
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[
scale=1,
color= black!50, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 1}};

\end{axis}

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};

\end{tikzpicture} \hspace{1cm}
\ifdefined\myscaleOne
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscaleOne{1}
\fi
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscaleOne]

 \clip (-5,-5) rectangle (5,5);
 \draw[black, opacity=0.10] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
 \draw[<->,black!25,-latex] (0,-4.9) -- (0,4.9);
 \draw[<->,black!25,-latex] (-4.9,0) -- (4.9,0);
 \node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 2}};

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscaleOne}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscaleOne{\myscaleOne}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscaleOne{\myscaleOne}\relax}
\makeatother

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}

%Second "figure" with graphs 3 and 4 paired up
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=1pt]

\begin{axis}[scale=0.75,
color= black, 
thick,
xmin=-4.9, 
xmax=4.9, 
ymin=-4.9, 
ymax=4.9, 
axis equal image, 
axis lines=middle, 
font=\scriptsize,
xtick distance=1,
ytick distance=1,
inner axis line style={stealth-stealth},
xlabel = {},
ylabel = {},
grid=major,
ticks=none
]

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 3}};

\end{axis}
\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in \pgfextra{\xdef\mywidth{\x1}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[ht]

\centering
\ifdefined\myscaleTwo
\else
\typeout{Please\space recompile\space your\space file!}
\def\myscaleTwo{1}
\fi

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscaleTwo]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-4.9,-4.9) grid (4.9,4.9);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-5) -- (0,5);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-5,0) -- (5,0);

\node[red,fill=white] at (0,0) {\textsc{Graph 4}};

\path let \p1=($(current bounding box.east)-(current bounding box.west)$)
in
\pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myscaleTwo}{\mywidth/\x1}\xdef\myscaleTwo{\myscaleTwo}};
\makeatletter
\immediate\write\@mainaux{\xdef\string\myscaleTwo{\myscaleTwo}\relax}
\makeatother

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

你可以做这样的事情：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15} 
\xdef\defsize{4}
\xdef\cursize{5}

\newcommand\myscale[1]{\defsize/#1}

\begin{document}


\begin{figure}

\centering

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale{7}]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-7,-7) grid (7,7);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-7) -- (0,7);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-7,0) -- (7,0);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=\myscale{3}]
\draw[black, opacity=0.25] (-3,-3) grid (3,3);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
\draw[<->,black,thick] (-3,0) -- (3,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

PS：这只是代码中示例的一个想法...对于依赖于其他长度而不仅仅是已知轴宽度的更复杂的输出，您应该使用其中的最大宽度......所以，可能不起作用

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