在 TikZ 2D 中绘制六角锥体

Question

我正在尝试通过 2D 创建一个六角锥体，不是使用3d-plot库。

我希望实现以下目标：

到目前为止我已取得以下成果：

我发现连接角落时有很多间隙。我该如何填补/消除间隙。

hex1另外，我该如何制作虚线的前半部分呢？

这是我的代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}

\tikzset{hexagon/.style = {
    regular polygon,
    regular polygon sides = 6,
    minimum width = 2cm,
    draw
}
}

\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[hexagon,xscale=4,fill=gray!50] (hex1) at (0,0) {};
    \node[above=5cm of hex1,hexagon,xscale=3,fill=gray!10,ultra thick,draw=gray!40] (hex2) {};

    \draw (hex1.corner 3) -- (hex2.corner 3);
    \draw (hex1.corner 4) -- (hex2.corner 4);
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}   

Answer 1

只需添加outer sep=0pt到六边形样式定义：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,
                shapes.geometric}

\tikzset{hexagon/.style = {
    regular polygon,
    regular polygon sides = 6,
    minimum width = 2cm,
    outer sep=0pt,          %  <---
    fill=#1}                %% <--- 
}

\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
\node[hexagon=gray!50, xscale=4] (hex1) at (0,0) {};
\node[hexagon=gray!10, xscale=3, draw=gray, thick,
      above=5cm of hex1] (hex2) {};
\foreach \i in {1,2}
    \draw[dashed]   (hex1.corner \i) -- (hex2.corner \i); %% <---
\path[dashed,thick,draw=gray]                             %% <---
        (hex1.corner 6) -- (hex1.corner 1)  --
        (hex1.corner 2) -- (hex1.corner 3);
\foreach \i in {3,...,6}
    \draw   (hex1.corner \i) -- (hex2.corner \i);         %% <---      
\path[thick,draw=gray]                                    %% <---
        (hex1.corner 3) -- (hex1.corner 4)  --
        (hex1.corner 5) -- (hex1.corner 6);
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

编辑：添加了第二个子问题的答案......

Answer 2

这是另一种简单的方法元帖子，仅供比较。

我认为稍微旋转一下看起来更专业一些，但如果你愿意的话也可以不旋转。请注意，在这个图中，填充和绘制的顺序很重要。如果你想要真正的 3D，我建议渐近线。

这是源代码。（用 编译lualatex）。

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luatex85}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
    path base, roof;

    base = (
        for i=0 upto 5: 
            89 right rotated 60i -- 
        endfor cycle
    ) rotated 8 yscaled 13/34;

    roof = base scaled 5/8 shifted 89 up;

    fill base withcolor 7/8 white;

    draw subpath (0, 3) of base dashed evenly;
    draw subpath (3, 6) of base;

    fill roof withcolor 15/16 white;

    for i=1 upto 2:
        draw point i of base -- point i of roof dashed evenly;
    endfor

    for i=3 upto 6:
        draw point i of base -- point i of roof;
    endfor

    draw roof;

endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

Answer 3

这是一种替代方法，您可以调整视角等。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot} 
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{30}{00}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords,declare function={r1=3;r2=2.25;h=4;}]
 \path[fill=gray!50] plot[variable=\x,samples at={0,60,...,300}] 
 ({r1*cos(\x)},0,{r1*sin(\x)});
 \draw[thick,dashed] plot[variable=\x,samples at={0,60,120,180}] ({r1*cos(\x)},0,{r1*sin(\x)});
 \draw[thick] plot[variable=\x,samples at={180,240,300,0}] ({r1*cos(\x)},0,{r1*sin(\x)});
 \foreach \X in {60,120,...,360}
 {\draw[thick] \ifnum\X<180 [dashed] \fi ({r1*cos(\X)},0,{r1*sin(\X)}) -- ({r2*cos(\X)},h,{r2*sin(\X)});}
 \path[fill=gray!25,fill opacity=0.8] plot[variable=\x,samples at={0,60,...,300}] 
 ({r2*cos(\x)},h,{r2*sin(\x)});
 \draw[thick,dashed,gray!40] plot[variable=\x,samples at={0,60,120,180}] 
 ({r2*cos(\x)},h,{r2*sin(\x)});
 \draw[thick,gray!40] plot[variable=\x,samples at={180,240,300,0}]
 ({r2*cos(\x)},h,{r2*sin(\x)});
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}