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sed - 用文件内容替换字符串

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sed - 用文件内容替换字符串

我有两个文件：file1和file2.

file1有以下内容：

---
  host: "localhost"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "localhost:2181"

file2包含 IP 地址 ( 1.1.1.1)

我想做的是替换localhost为1.1.1.1，这样最终结果是：

---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

我努力了：

sed -i -e "/localhost/r file2" -e "/localhost/d" file1
sed '/localhost/r file2' file1 |sed '/localhost/d'
sed -e '/localhost/r file2' -e "s///" file1

但我要么更换整条线路，要么将 IP 转到我需要修改的线路之后的线路。

答案1

这是一个sed解决方案：

% sed -e "s/localhost/$(sed 's:/:\\/:g' file2)/" file1
---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

您应该使用它sed -i来进行适当的更改。

如果您可以使用awk，这是一种方法：

% awk 'BEGIN{getline l < "file2"}/localhost/{gsub("localhost",l)}1' file1
---
  host: "1.1.1.1"
  port: 3000
  reporter_type: "zookeeper"
  zk_hosts: 
    - "1.1.1.1:2181"

答案2

sed您可以在使用之前使用 shell 命令替换来读取带有替换字符串的文件。所以sed会看到一个普通的替换：

sed "s/localhost/$(cat file2)/" file1 > changed.txt

答案3

我今天也遇到了这个“问题”：如何用另一个文件中的内容替换文本块。

我通过创建一个 bash 函数（可以在脚本中重用）解决了这个问题。

[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat the_function.sh
# This function reads text from stdin, and substitutes a *BLOCK* with the contents from a FILE, and outputs to stdout
# The BLOCK is indicated with BLOCK_StartRegexp and BLOCK_EndRegexp
#
# Usage:
#    seq 100 110 | substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents '^102' '^104' /tmp/FileWithContents > /tmp/result.txt
function substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents {
  local BLOCK_StartRegexp="${1}"
  local BLOCK_EndRegexp="${2}"
  local FILE="${3}"
  sed -e "/${BLOCK_EndRegexp}/a ___tmpMark___" -e "/${BLOCK_StartRegexp}/,/${BLOCK_EndRegexp}/d" | sed -e "/___tmpMark___/r ${FILE}" -e '/___tmpMark___/d'
}

[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat /tmp/FileWithContents
We have deleted everyhing between lines 102 and 104 and
replaced with this text, which was read from a file
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ source the_function.sh
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ seq 100 110 | substitute_BLOCK_with_FILEcontents '^102' '^104' /tmp/FileWithContents > /tmp/result.txt
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$
[cent@pcmk-1 tmp]$ cat /tmp/result.txt
100
101
We have deleted everyhing between lines 102 and 104 and
replaced with this text, which was read from a file
105
106
107
108
109
110

答案4

尝试使用

join file1 file2

然后，删除任何不需要的字段。

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